问题 单项选择题

地球温度的保持得益于薄薄的大气层,当太阳光射向地球时,大气层吸收其中大量的红外线以及波长较短的紫外线,它们都会使气温升高,从而在向外太空辐射出一部分红外线时也向地面发出红外线,而未被大气吸收的其他太阳光射向地面时,引起地面温度上升,地表温度上升时也会向大气散发出红外线,大气吸收后,一部分通过大气逆辐射返还给地球,一部分消失至太空。这样地面温度、大气温度就能够保持在一个相对恒定的数值范围之内,月球就因为缺乏这样的大气层而骤冷骤热。这种“温室效应”在金星中同样存在,只是因为它的云层过厚,且二氧化碳是主要成分,而二氧化碳是气体中主要吸收红外线的类型,这使金星的温度要比地球高许多倍。
根据上文,以下选项可以推断为正确的是( )。

A.大气热量的来源包括:太阳辐射、地面辐射以及大气逆辐射。这些都使大气的温度能够升高
B.如果大气辐射增加,大气的温度会因此而升高,地面的温度也会因此而上升
C.大气辐射和大气逆辐射本质上一样,只是由于热量来源不同,辐射后的红外线走向不一样而已
D.红外线的吸收是引起温度上升的主要原因,月球上因为缺乏像金星一样富含二氧化碳的大气层,所以即使在最高温度时,也没有金星的温度高

答案

参考答案:C

解析: A项错误在于大气逆辐射是大气热量丧失的一种表现,而不是大气热量的来源,B项错误,大气辐射也是大气热量的散失,所以大气温度应该会降低,地面温度则会升高;C项正确,大气辐射和大气逆辐射都是大气热量的散失,只不过欠气辐射的热量来源是太阳辐射,而热量去向是太空和地面,大气逆辐射的热量泉源特指地面辐射,热量去向也特指吸收地面辐射后返还给地面热量,D项错误,红外线的吸收并不是所有星球温度上升的主要原固,至于月球、金星谁的温度高,根据文意并不能推断出。所以答案为C。

单项选择题
单项选择题

A narrowing of your work interests is implied in almost any transition from a study environment to managerial or professional work. In the humanities and social sciences you will at best reuse only a fraction of the material (1) in three or four years’ study. In most career paths academic knowledge only (2) a background to much more applied decision-making. Even with a " training " form of degree, (3) a few of the procedures or methods (4) in your studies are likely to be continuously relevant in your work. Partly this (5) the greater specialization of most work tasks compared (6) studying. Many graduates are not (7) with the variety involved in (8) from degree study in at least four or five subjects a year to very standardized job (9) . Academic work values (10) inventiveness, originality, and the cultivation of self-realization and self-development. Emphasis is placed (11) generating new ideas and knowledge, assembling (12) information to make a " rational " decision, appreciating basic (13) and theories, and getting involved in fundamental controversies and debates. The humanistic values of higher (14) encourages the feeling of being (15) in a process with a self-developmental rhythm. (16) , even if your employers pursue enlightened personnel development (17) and invest heavily in " human capital " —for example, by rotating graduate trainees to (18) their work experiences—you are still likely to notice and feel (19) about some major restrictions of your (20) and activities compared with a study environment.

3()

A.hardly

B.scarcely

C.evenly

D.only