问题 单项选择题

2006年某晚,宋某让人将12箱蔬菜西兰花放在停放于停车场内的彭某的汽车上,欲以每箱60元的价格强行卖给开车去购买蔬菜的彭某。在遭到彭某的拒绝后,宋某即打电话给陈某,陈某随即到达上述地点。当彭某走来时,陈某上前朝彭某的胸部猛踢一脚,随后来某和陈某二人用拳殴打彭某。当彭某逃到自己的货车旁准备装货离开时,陈某和宋某再次来到彭某处,宋某上前用手抓住彭某并将其拖至两车过道中,继续向其索要以上货物的货款。彭某再次拒绝后,陈某又拳打彭某,彭某用拳还击,陈某随即掏出水果刀朝彭某的腹部、左肩背部、左臀部连刺四刀。之后,二人逃离现场。经司法鉴定,彭某的伤势构成重伤。则以下关于宋某和陈某行为的说法中正确的有:( )

A.宋某和陈某均构成强迫交易罪,属于共同犯罪

B.宋某和陈某均构成故意伤害罪,属于共同犯罪

C.宋某构成强迫交易罪,陈某构成故意伤害罪,不属于共同犯罪

D.宋某构成强迫交易罪,陈某构成故意伤害罪,属于共同犯罪

答案

参考答案:D

解析:[考点] 共同犯罪;强迫交易罪与故意伤害罪 首先,根据刑法第226条的规定,强迫交易罪在客观方面的表现形式主要是以暴力或者威胁手段强买强卖商品、以暴力、威胁手段强迫他人提供服务、以暴力、威胁手段强迫他人接受服务等;强迫交易罪是情节犯,只要行为人以暴力或威胁手段强迫他人交易,情节严重,就可构成本罪。所谓情节严重主要是指:强迫交易时实施暴力,如殴打他人手段恶劣的;以当场使用暴力相威胁的;多次强迫交易屡教不改的;强迫交易牟利数额巨大的;强迫交易扰乱生产、交易秩序造成严重后果的等。在本案中宋某和陈某欲以高价将西兰花强行卖给彭某,在遭到拒绝后用拳殴打,并造成了重伤的后果,其强迫交易行为情节严重,已经构成强迫交易罪。其次,强迫交易罪是以暴力或者威胁为主要手段,在犯罪过程中如果使用了暴力,就有可能造成被害人的死亡或伤害的后果。因此,行为人在实施强迫交易犯罪行为的过程中,其手段或方法又可能触犯其他罪名,构成其他的犯罪。对于这种情况,应当按照有关牵连犯的刑法处罚原则来处理,即按照“从一重处”的原则定罪处罚,而不数罪并罚。本案中,在实施强迫交易罪的过程中,陈某用水果刀刺被害人致其重伤,同时又构成了故意伤害罪。法律规定对故意伤害(致人重伤)的处刑比对强迫交易的处刑要重,则对陈某应当以故意伤害罪定罪处刑。最后,构成共同犯罪要求各犯罪人在主观方面必须具有共同犯罪的故意,各犯罪人之间的犯意互相沟通,彼此协调和默契,他们都明知自己的行为性质和将引起的危害社会的结果,而且对这种结果均持希望或放任的故意态度。本案中宋某和陈某为牟取非法利益,共同实施强迫交易的行为,用拳殴打被害人,其已经构成强迫交易的共同犯罪行为。但在实施强迫交易的犯罪过程中,宋某仅限于拳打被害人,陈某在未与宋某商量的情况下,用水果刀刺被害人致其重伤。宋某事先不知陈某携带刀具参加强迫交易行为,期间也不能预见陈某在实施强迫交易的行为的过程中,会突然拿出随身携带的水果刀刺被害人。因此应认定陈某持刀重伤被害人的后果,超出了与宋某在实施强迫交易犯罪活动中所形成的共同犯罪故意,属于实行过限,被害人被刺而受重伤的后果只能由陈某承担。故宋某构成强迫交易罪,陈某构成故意伤害罪,二人在强迫交易罪范围内成立共同犯罪。因此D正确。

单项选择题

The first and most important agents of socialization are the people who care for infants. In the earliest months, messages from nurturers constitute the child’s basic understanding of the world around it. This is the infant’s first introduction to the language that shapes perception and elicits emotion.
Another powerful source of information and socialization is the friendship of peers. Peers are equals that one can deal with on the same level as oneself, whereas parents are superiors. The heavy emotional overlay of family relationships makes some kinds of learning difficult.
Much formal socialization is placed in the hands of professionals. Teachers from kindergarten on are specifically designated agents of socialization. Ideally, a teacher is one who has both knowledge and the skills to present it. During the course of teaching their subjects, classroom instructors provide role models and attempt to convey the excitement of learning itself.
In earlier times, parents, friends and teachers would comprise the list of primary childhood socializers. Children’s books, comics and magazines might also have been mentioned as sources of information on norms and role models. Today one must add three powerful indirect or non-personal socialization agents: radio, movies and television. Many people learn about politics, form a vision of well-being, and develop attitudes towards others from what they see on the screen and hear through the speakers.

______ are the first formal socialization agents.

A.Infant nurturers

B.Family members

C.Group peers

D.School teachers

单项选择题