问题 问答题 论述题

试述尼采在认识论上的主观主义与传统哲学认识论的主观主义有何不同?

答案

参考答案:

⑴理性派哲学总是把人的意识、理性的作用夸大,把世界当做意识和理性化的世界,把人当做意识和理性化的人,把意识和理性的本质当做人的本质。

⑵尼采不同意这种观点。他认为作为主体的人的精神活动远不只是感觉和思维等意识活动,而是一种复杂的、多层次的结构,其中意识的活动只是一部分,只有在人与外界发生关系时才产生;意识的作用仅仅在于寻求有用的东西,即成为满足主体的欲望的工具。

⑶在尼采看来,把意识、思维看做是主体并不能表示人的实质,而只能作为一种方便的虚构,它用来表示主体的各种状态的统一或者说基质,即当思维、意识过程发生时,我们总是以为有某个主体、自我在产生意识和思维。总之,从认识的对象、主体、过程、性质等方面说,尼采的观点都与以往理性派哲学的观点处于对立的地位。他的这种观点对后来的非理性主义哲学流派产生了深远的影响。

选择题
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请阅读下列应用文及相关信息,并按照要求匹配信息。请将选项字母填在对应题号的相应横线上。(共5题;每小题2分,满分10分)

以下是演讲会的资料:

A. Are you interested in “Dream of the Red Mansion”(Hong Lou Meng)? Listen to a Lecture on this classical novel.

Venue: National Museum of Chinese

Modern Literature(Beijing)

Time: 9:30 a. m.

Price: free

Tel: 010-84615522

B. “Jiaguwen” is among the oldest pictographic characters in the world. How much do you know about it? Get all the answers at this free lecture.

Venue: Dongcheng District Library(Beijing)

Time: 9:00 a. m.

Price: free

Tel: 010-64013356

C. Former United Nations interpreter Professor Wang Ruojin speaks about her experiences at the UN and shares her understanding of the cultural differences between East and West.

Venue: National Library of China(Beijing)

Time: 1:30 p.m~4:00 p.m.

Price: free

Tel: 010-68488047

D. Qi Baishi, one of China’s greatest modern painters, was also a poet, calligrapher (书法家) and seal-cutter(刻印者). Can you appreciate his works? Then come to spend the time with us.

Venue: Beijing Art Academy

Time: 9:00 a.m.~11:00 a.m.

Price: 10 yuan

Tel: 010-65023390

E. It is the year of the Dog, and you can see“Fu”everywhere. But how much do you know about dogs—the man’s Best friend? What is“Fu”and where Does it come from? Why do people hang “Fu”character upside down on the door? Get all the answers from this free lecture.

Venue: Capital Library(Beijing)

Time: 2:00 p.m.

Price: free

Tel: 010-6735914

F. About 160 cultural relics from Guangdong, Macao and Hong Kong are on display to April 15th .Meanwhile experts will talk about the important roles these three cities have played in the past two thousand years of Sino-Western exchanges.

Venue: Beijing Art Museum

Time: 2:00 p.m.~5:00 p.m.

Price: 20 yuan, students 10 yuan

Tel: 010-83659337

以下是想法听演讲的人员的基本信息,请匹配适合他们的演讲内容。

【小 题1】Alice is now studying in Beijing University, and she is especially interested in Chinese writing. In her spare time, she enjoys drawing, writing poems and is fond of sharing her pieces with her classmates.

【小 题2】Simon comes from Egypt. He is now studying in Beijing Art Academy. He shows great interest in Chinese ancient characters. Now he wants to know much about it.

小题1:Lora and Peter, visiting professors from Australia, are both crazy about Chinese traditional culture. At weekends they like to call on Chinese families to learn about Chinese festivals as well as their history.

小题2:Edward is a senior student in Beijing Foreign Language University. He likes traveling very much and has made up his mind to work as an interpreter for some joint-venture enterprises(合资企业)

小题3:Steve and Mark are both studying in the Chinese Department of China’s Renmin University. They want to do some research on Chinese ancient literature.