问题 材料题

材料一:北魏孝文帝“诏不得以北俗之语言于朝廷,若有违者,免所居官。”又令鲜卑贵族改姓氏、与汉族通婚等,向“汉胡融合”的目标迈进。

材料二:唐太宗说“自古皆贵中华,贱夷狄,朕独爱之如一。”640年唐太宗答应把宗室女文成公主嫁给吐蕃赞普松赞干布。8世纪,唐朝又把金城公主嫁到吐蕃,遂使唐蕃“和同为一家”。

材料三:元世祖仿效汉法进行改革,促进了满足关系的发展。原先进入黄河流域的契丹、女真等族,经过长期共同生活,已同汉族没有什么差别。唐朝以来,不少定居中国的波斯人、阿拉伯人同汉、蒙、畏兀儿等族长期杂居相处,融合成一个新的民族——回族。

材料四:清朝在西藏设置驻藏大臣,还在伊犁、吉林、黑龙江、盛京、乌里雅苏台等地设立 * * ,大大加强了中央对边疆和少数民族地区的管辖。在清朝辽阔的疆域上,生活着汉、满、蒙、回、藏等五十多个民族,各民族之间的经济文化交流不断加强,我国统一多民族国家得到进一步巩固。

依据材料,回答问题。

(1)北魏孝文帝改革的目标是什么?

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(2)分别写出唐朝和元朝民族融合的一则事例。

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(3)与北魏、唐朝和元朝相比,清朝民族关系的发展有什么特点?

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(4)材料所述四朝的民族关系得以发展的主要原因是什么?

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(5)各民族的融合和民族关系的发展有何意义?

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答案

(1)向“汉胡融合”的目标迈进。

(2)唐朝:文成公主嫁给松赞干布;金城公主嫁到吐蕃。

元朝:契丹、女真等族已同汉族没有什么差别;形成新民族——回族。

(3)政府设机构加强对边疆和少数民族地区的管辖。

(4)统治者的重视和恰当的民族政策。

(5)各民族之间经济文化交流不断加强,我国统一多民族国家得到进一步巩固。

单项选择题
阅读理解
Direaions: Read the following Passage. Fill in the numbered blanks by using the in formation from the passage.
Write NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS for each blank.
     If you are a mother and you have to give up your dream of receiving higher education due to the need to
raise a family. Yet always keep that dream in the back of your mind while a tight schedule of lack of funding
(资金) keeps you from pursuing it, then President Barack Obama may be able to help.
     He is offering education money to help those women who pursue their dreams. The aid, in the form of
a $10,100 scholarship, is meant for stay-at-home moms, single mothers, and other women who want to go
back to school.
     With this scholarship, the mom doing the studying will not have to work while going to school because
the education will be paid for. Busy schedules are always an issue with mothers, but online education is
available, which definitely frees up time that would otherwise be spent on the commute (往返路程) to and
from class. All American women have access to the scholarship, which does not have to be paid back as
student loans do.
     If you're wondering how going back to school could be beneficial to you, the answer is many ways. Such
an education may give you the skills necessary to pursue the career you've been dreaming of, and you will be
able to bring in more income to support your family. It will also make you feel more confident. Just think how
nice that new diploma (毕业文凭) would look in one of your rooms, and how great you will feel as you are
heading off to your first day at a new job! It will also make your children look up to you, and give them the
courage to pursue their own dreams.
     Take advantage of the scholarship now, because it won't last forever, especially with money tighter than
ever during this economic recession (经济衰退).
                                       Obama Offers 1______ to Educate Mothers
The problem Many mothers are 2______ to get higher education for many reasons,
such as having to stay at homc and raise a family or being unable to
3______ higher education
Those qualified for
the funding
● Stay-at-home mothers
● Single mothers
● Any woman who wants to 4______
5______ of getting the 
funding                          
● Receive an 6______
● No need to 7______ the scholarships
● Gives them the skills 8______ to pursue an ideal career
● They can support their families more easily if they have more in-come  
● Gain 9______
● Get respect from their children and sets a good example to them
10______ ● Take advantage of this scholarship now.