问题 问答题

施工质量控制要求有哪些?

答案

参考答案:

(一)施工前准备

消防设施施工前,需要具备一定的技术、物质条件,以确保施工需求,保证施工质量。消防设施施工前需要具备下列基本条件:

(1)经批准的消防设计文件以及其他技术资料齐全。

(2)设计单位向建设、施工、监理单位进行技术交底,明确相应技术要求。

(3)各类消防设施的设备、组件以及材料齐全,规格型号符合设计要求,能够保证正常施工。

(4)经检查,与专业施工相关的基础、预埋件和预留空洞等符合设计要求。

(5)施工现场及施工中使用的水、电、气能够满足连续施工的要求。

消防设计文件包括消防设施设计施工图(平面图、系统图、施工详图、设备表、材料表等)图纸以及设计说明等;其他技术资料主要包括消防设施产品明细表、主要组件安装使用说明书及施工技术要求,各类消防设施的设备、组件以及材料等符合市场准入制度的有效证明文件和产品出厂合格证书,工程质量管理、检验制度等。

(二)施工过程质量控制

为确保施工质量,施工中要建立健全施工质量管理体系和工程质量检验制度,施工现场配备必要的施工技术标准。消防设施施工过程质量控制下列要求组织实施:

(1)对到场的各类消防设施的设备、组件以及材料进行现场检查,经检查合格后方可用于施工。

(2)各工序按照施工技术标准进行质量控制,每道工序完成后进行检查,经检查合格后方可进入下一道工序。

(3)相关各专业工种之间交接时,进行检验认可,经监理工程师签证后,方可进行下一道工序。

(4)消防设施安装完毕,施工单位按照相关专业调试规定进行调试。

(5)调试结束后,施工单位向建设单位提供质量控制资料和各类消防设施施工过程质量检查

记录。

(6)监理工程师组织施工单位人员对消防设施施工过程进行质量检查;施工过程质量检查记录按照各消防设施施工及验收规范的要求填写。

(7)施工过程质量控制资料按照相关消防设施施工及验收规范的要求填写、整理。

(三)施工安装质量问题处理

经消防设施现场检查、技术检测、竣工验收,消防设施的设备、组件以及材料存在产品质量问题或者施工安装质量问题,不能满足相关国家工程建设消防技术标准的,按照下列要求进行处理:

(1)更换相关消防设施的设备、组件以及材料,进行施工返工处理,重新组织产品现场检查、技零检测或者竣工验收。

(2)返修处理,能够满足相关标准规定和使用要求的,按照经批准的处理技术方案和协议文件,重新组织现场检查、技术检测或者竣工验收。

(3)返修或者更换相关消防设施的设备、组件以及材料的,经重新组织现场检查、技术检测、竣工验收,仍然不符合要求的,判定为现场检查、技术检测、竣工验收不合格。

(4)未经现场检查合格的消防设施的设备、组件以及材料,不得用于施工安装;消防设施未经竣工验收合格的,其建设工程不得投入使用。

填空题

填空:阅读下面短文,根据所读内容在文后第76至第85小题的空格里填上适当的单词或短语。

注意:每空不超过3个单词。

     What is eco-fashion? Eco-fashion is a complex phenomenon and the common use of the term covers

two aspects of fashion-'ecological' and 'ethical' (伦理的). Ecological fashion usually refers to textile (织

物) and clothing production processes and the environmental issues (议题) surrounding them; ethical

fashion generally relates to the working conditions involved in the producing processes.

     What are the problems with fashion? Firstly, the production of textiles pollutes the environment heavily.

Cotton-planting uses pesticides; sheep-farming and wool-cleaning contribute to global warming; synthetics-

making (人造纤维生产) brings about harmful waste. Secondly, every stage of clothing production has a

significant effect on the environment. They all use a great deal of energy, and some also involve harmful

chemicals. In addition to this, there is a lot of waste produced in the process, especially in the form of

polluted water. Thirdly, growing consumption levels and our shopping habits further worsen the bad effects.

We are now buying clothes in increasing quantities without realizing the scale on which it affects natural

environment, and we are also quick to throw away clothes that have been worn only a couple of times.

     Then, how to solve the problems? To a large degree, it is the fashion producers that really have the power

and the responsibility to shape our future. There are numerous ways in which these producers can reduce

their ecological footprint, from switching to green energy and reducing energy use, through selecting

sustainable (可持续使用的) materials and choosing local suppliers, to recycle and minimize waste. On the

other hand, as consumers we can all make contributions by selecting environmentally friendly clothing and

reducing clothing consumption.

     Now many people are beginning to shop for organic food products because the benefits of eating food

free of chemicals are straightforward and immediate. They relate directly to our personal health. In fact,

choosing eco-fashion can also contribute to our personal health, though it is mostly done by way of keeping

the health of the planet.

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