问题 问答题 案例分析题

阅读下列新闻报道材料,并根据材料后的问题作出解释说明:

德国将提前举行大选(2005年7月21日)

2005年7月21日,德国总统霍斯特·克勒发表电视讲话,宣布解散联邦议院,提前举行大选。此事的起因是5月22日北莱茵一威斯特伐利亚州的议会选举。在这次选举中,德国 * * 施罗德所在的社会民主党自1966年以来首次被对手基督教民主联盟击败。北威州举足轻重,是德国16个联邦州中人口最多的一个,占全国总人口数的五分之一以上。它是全德仅存的由社会民主党和绿党联合组成的左翼的“红绿联盟”执政的州。由于反对党基督教民主联盟已经控制了德国16个州中的10个,反对党不仅已在州一级政府占了绝对优势,而且在参议院中占了绝对优势。德国是一个联邦制国家,联邦参议院由各州政府派出的代表组成。这样,由于反对党右翼联盟占据了参议院的压倒多数,施罗德领导的红绿联盟联合政府就很难有作为了。

当晚,施罗德 * * 以由于社民党和绿党组成的红绿执政联盟在联邦议院中仅拥有微弱多数,他无法确保今后自己计划推行的各项政策能够获得所需要的稳定支持为理由,要求解散议会,提前举行大选。本届德国政府由施罗德领导的社会民主党和绿党联合组成,该联盟在议会601个席位中占有303席。

根据德国基本法规定,联邦 * * 可以向联邦议院提出信任案,如果他的信任案被拒绝,联邦总统可以应 * * 的建议解散联邦议院。7月1日,施罗德 * * 在联邦议院提出“信任案”。随后,联邦议院以151票赞成、296票反对、148票弃权的表决结果否决了施罗德提出的“信任案”,从而把解散议会、提前举行议会选举的决定权交与总统霍斯特-克勒。施罗德所在的社会民主党和绿党联盟多名议员投了弃权票。

克勒总统在电视演说中说,在做出决定前,他对施罗德提请解散联邦议院的理由进行了细致的评估,并深入了解了各方的意见。他最终得出的结论是:在目前情况下,提前举行大选对德国民众来说也许是最有利的选择。但是,少数联邦议院议员和部分小党已经决定将在克勒宣布解散议会后向联邦宪法法院提起诉讼,但是,联邦宪法法院推翻总统克勒解散议会决定的可能性很小。

问题:

这个事件说明,德国总统、 * * 和议会各自拥有什么权力。

答案

参考答案:

议会可以行使倒阁权(或“通过否决信任案而监督政府的权力”) * * 可以向联邦议院提出“信任案”,在联邦议院倒阁时可以请求总统解散议会。总统可以应 * * 的请求决定解散议会,宣布提前大选。

阅读理解

阅读理解

    The sea has always interested man.From it he can get food, minerals, and treasure.For thousands of

years, he could sail on it.But he could not go far beneath its surface.

     Man wants to explore deep into the sea.However, he is not a fish.He must breathe air, so he can't

stay under the water's surface for any length of time.To explore deep water, man faces even more

dangers and problems.

     A diver who wants to stay under water for more than a few minutes must breathe air or a special

mixture of gases.He can wear a diving suit and have air pumped to him from above.He can carry a tank

of air on his back and breathe through a nose and a mouthpiece.Water weighs 800 times as much as air.

Tons of water pushes against a diver deep in the sea.His body is under great pressure.

     When a diver is under great pressure, his blood takes in some of the gases he breathes.As he rises to

surface, the water pressure becomes less.If the diver rises too quickly, the gases in his blood form

bubbles.The diver is then suffering from the bends.The bends can cause a diver to double up in pain.They

can even kill him.

1. On the whole, this passage is about ________.

A. special mixtures of gases in deep sea

B. the problems man faces in deepsea diving

C. air pressure under the surface of sea water

D. a kind of illness that man suffers in the sea

2. A diver's body in deep water ________.

A. is under great pressure

B. is just like that of a fish

C. suffers from the bends

D. weighs very little

3.  The passage does not say so, but it makes you think that ________.

A. deepdivers should be in good health

B. divers explore the deep sea only for treasure

C. diving under the water too quickly causes a kind of illness

D. there is a special mixture of gases under the sea

4. From the passage we can see that ________.

A. the sea began to interest man a few years ago

B. man is not at home deep in the sea

C. all divers will get the bends sooner or later

D. the air in the sea water will kill a diver if he is not careful

单项选择题