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内源性融资

答案

参考答案:内源性融资:这是发展中国家在“金融抑制”下的一个常见现象--由于经济和金融体制具有“分割性”,国内的资金处于分散的经济单位中,金融市场的分裂性和金融机构的有限性也阻碍了资金的跨行业跨地区的流通,从而导致投资的资金只能依赖于本企业内部的积累,而非金融机构的提供,这就叫作“内源性融资”。“内源性融资”进一步减少了企业和个人的储蓄倾向,严重影响了社会的再投资能力。

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What are the challenges facing multinationals that want to build their brands in China —I think the first thing is ignorance. There’s a huge (1) of the complexity in China, which is more complex than Europe. There are different rules of law, which (2) a significant factor. There are different (3) , Cantonese and Mandarin and lots of others in (4) , and dialects like Sichuan versions. You have problems of distribution. (5) Chinese brands have been (6) local because of the size of the market and the transportation system, What’s (7) built up there is a sort of a pride in localness.
How can companies build their brands in China —China is a place where (8) have to be very patient and you’ve got to build (9) time. You can’t go in (10) invest short-term and then pull out (11) then try to get back in (12) . It’s about being consistent, steady, building (13) reputation, building confidence and then rewards will (14) . It’s a consistent ability to anticipate need. It’s insightfulness that helps brands to (15) ahead.
How are local Chinese brands doing against the multinationals —China’s been built (16) local brands and there are a billion of them and they are (17) spending sums of money locally that really dominate the (18) . But the future is Chinese brands moving outside of (19) and marketing globally, because China’s got to move from a commodity economy to a (20) sophisticated economy, which fundamentally (21) brands. There isn’t a major economy in the world that (22) based upon producing great brands, because they provide far better margins and more sustainable (23) .
Has Asia produced any truly global brands —Japan has. Some of the major companies (24) do really very well with brands. In Korea, some of them (25) but some of them need to catch up in terms of understanding how to really build global brands.