问题 问答题

简述文化教育学的主要观点及评价。

答案

参考答案:文化教育学是19世纪末以来出现在德国的一种教育学说,其代表人物主要有狄尔泰、斯普朗格、利特等人。
文化教育学的基本观点是:
(1)人是一种文化的存在,因此人类历史是一种文化的历史。
(2)教育的对象是人,教育又是在一定的社会历史背景下进行的,因此教育的过程是一种历史文化过程。
(3)因为教育的过程是一种历史文化过程,所以教育的研究既不能采用赫尔巴特纯粹的概念思辨来进行,也不能依靠实验教育学的数量的统计来进行,而必须采用精神科学或文化科学的方法,亦即理解与解释的方法进行。
(4)教育的目的就是要促使社会历史的客观文化向个体的主观文化的转变,并将个体的主观世界引导向博大的客观文化世界,从而培养完整的人格;培养完整人格的主要途径就是“陶冶”与“唤醒”,发挥教师和学生个体两方面的积极作用,建构和谐的对话的师生关系。
文化教育学作为科学主义的实验教育学和理性主义的赫尔巴特式教育学的对立面而存在与发展,深刻地影响着德国乃至世界20世纪的教育学发展,在教育的本质、教育的目的、师生关系以及教育学性质等方面都能给人以许多唐发。文化教育学的不足之处表现在它的思辨气息很浓,在许多问题的论述上具有很强的哲学色彩,这就决定它在解决现实的教育问题上很难提出有针对性和可操作性的建议,从而限制了它在实践中的应用。另外,它一味地夸大社会文化现象的价值相对性,忽视其客观规律的存在,也使它的许多理论缺乏彻底性。

完形填空
完形填空。
      What is the population of China? There are more than a billion and two hundred million people in China. It is
almost one fifth of the world's population. How to control the population growth is a big problem. Some people
think   1   to control the population growth. But I don't quite agree   2   them, because where there's a will, there
is a way.
      The question is that we should make it   3   how serious the population problem is. Our farmland is becoming
less and less to everyone. We have already got too many mouths to feed.   4   we control the population growth,
many people will die   5   hunger. Too fast population growth has been and will be bad for our nation. Though
laws (法律) have been   6   to control the population growth, in some places   7   is done to carry out (贯彻) the
law. We should make people   8   that it is foolish of them to bring too many children into the world. They should
  9   do what they have been doing for many years.
      We are fighting against the fast population growth. Yes, the fighting won't end   10   everyone knows its
importance and does something for it.
( ) 1. A. that is impossible for
( ) 2. A. to               
( ) 3. A. known to everybody
( ) 4. A. If not           
( ) 5. A. of               
( ) 6. A. pass              
( ) 7. A. many             
( ) 8. A. to know          
( ) 9. A. not longer       
( ) 10. A. until           
B. impossible of 
B. for                 
B. known by everybody  
B. Unless              
B. about               
B. passed              
B. little              
B. to learn            
B. not more            
B. after             
C. that is impossible of 
C. with     
C. know     
C. Until    
C. from     
C. broken   
C. a lot    
C. know     
C. no longer
C. when     
D. it impossible  
D. on          
D. is know by  
D. If          
D. out of      
D. thought   
D. much        
D. learning    
D. no more     
D. as        
单项选择题