问题 多项选择题 案例分析题

患者男,55岁。一月来自觉乏力、易疲劳、食欲不振,伴恶心、呕吐及腹胀等症状,自行服用抗酸、助消化、促胃肠动力等药物后,病情无好转,且逐渐加重,5天前起出现皮肤巩膜黄染,并进行性加深,有皮肤黏膜瘀点瘀斑、牙龈出血表现,同时出现烦躁、易怒;患者于4~5小时前出现神志不清。查体:神志不清,呼之有反应,反应迟钝.定时、定人、定向能力减退,扑翼样震颤(+),BP120/70mmHg,肝病面容,全身皮肤、巩膜黄染,肝掌(+),蜘蛛痣(+)。HR82次/分,律齐,双肺呼吸音清,未闻及明显啰音。腹平软,无压痛、反跳痛,肝脾肋下未及,移动性浊音(-)。四肢见自主活动,肌张力增高,锥体束征(+)。患者既往有血糖增高史,未重视,未进一步检查。

提示:根据上述资料,患者诊断为亚急性肝衰竭(晚期)。为明确病因,此患者需完善下列哪些病史及相关检测、检查()。

A.饮酒史

B.特殊肝损药物服用史

C.家族遗传病史

D.传染病史及肝炎病毒检测

E.工业毒物接触史

F.婚育史

G.冶游史

H.吸烟史

I.ANA、ENA

J.血清铜蓝蛋白、血清铜

K.血清铁蛋白、转铁蛋白饱和度

答案

参考答案:A, B, C, D, E, I, J, K

解析:

5.患者目前肝性脑病Ⅲ期;PT22秒;TBIL220μmol/L,ALB26g/L,Child-Pugh评分13,C级。Maddrey判别函数值-4.6×PT(秒)差值+TBIL(mg/dl)=49.7。

6.由于各种人工肝的原理不同,应根据患者的具体情况选择不同方法单独或联合使用:伴有高胆红素血症时,可选用PBA或PE。

填空题

A Great Friendship


Thomas Jefferson and James Madison met in 1776. Could it have been any other year They worked together starting then to further American Revolution and later to shape the new scheme of government. From the work sprang a friendship perhaps incomparable in intimacy and the trustfulness of collaboration and induration. It lasted 50 years. It included pleasure and utility but (1) and above them, there were shared purpose, a common end (2) an enduring goodness on both sides. Four and a half months (3) he died, when he was ailing, debt-ridden, and worried about his impoverished (4) , Jefferson wrote to his longtime friend. His words and Madison’s reply remind us (5) friends are friends until death. They also remind us that (6) a friendship has a bearing on things larger than the (7) itself, for has there ever been a friendship of (8) public consequence than this one
"The friendship which has subsisted (9) us now half a century, the harmony of our political (10) and pursuits have been sources of constant happiness to me through (11) long period. It’s also been a great solace to me to believe that you’re (12) in vindicating to posterity the course that we’ve pursued for preserving to them, (13) all their purity, their blessings of self-government, (14) we had assisted in acquiring for them. If ever the earth has beheld a (15) of administration conducted with a single and steadfast eye to the general (16) and happiness of those committed to it, one (17) , protected by truth, can never known reproach, it is that to which our (18) have been devoted. To myself you have been a pillar of (19) throughout life. Take care of me when dead and be assured that I (20) leave with you my last affections." A week later Madison replied—"You cannot look back to the long period of our private friendship and political harmony with more affecting recollections than I do. If they are a source of pleasure to you, what aren’t they not to be to me We cannot be deprived of the happy consciousness of the pure devotion to the public good with which we discharge the trust committed to us and I indulge a confidence that sufficient evidence will find in its way to another generation to ensure, after we are gone, whatever of justice may be withheld whilst we are here.\

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