问题 问答题

阅读下列材料:
材料1
芝诺是古希腊哲学家,他有一个众人皆知的“阿基里斯永远追不上乌龟”故事:阿基里斯是古希腊神话中善跑的英雄。假设乌龟先爬一段路然后阿基里斯去追它。芝诺认为阿基里斯永远追不上乌龟。因为前者在追上后者之前必须首先达到后者的出发点,可是,这时后者又向前爬了一段路了。于是前者又必须赶上这段路,可是这时后者又向前爬了。由于阿基里斯和乌龟之间的距离可依次分成无数小段,因此阿基里斯虽然越追越近,但永远追不上乌龟。
材料2
有人要英国大哲学家罗素证明从“2+2=5”推出“罗素是教皇”。深邃无比的罗素做出了如下的证明:假定2+2=5;等式的两边各减去2,得出2=3;易位得3=2;两边各减去1,得出2 =1;教皇与罗素是两个人,但既然2=1,教皇与罗素就是1个人,所以罗素是教皇。
运用认识论相关原理回答下列问题:
(1)为什么阿基里斯追不上乌龟,但罗素却能由“2+2=5”推出“罗素是教皇”呢
(2)根据材料分析人在认识活动中应该注意哪些问题

答案

参考答案:
(1)真理是个发展过程,既是绝对的,又是相对的,这是真理问题上的辩证法。真理的绝对性或绝对真理是指任何真理都是对客观事物及其规律的正确认识,都包含不依赖于人的客观内容,这是无条件的、绝对的。真理的相对性或相对真理是指人们在一定条件下的正确认识是有限度的。“阿基里斯追不上乌龟”是因为芝诺片面夸大存在距离这个相对真理,而否认人能够通过速度来缩短甚至超越与乌龟之间的这个距离的绝对真理;同样,罗素片面夸大数字运算等式结果这个真理的相对性,而否认数字运算有适用领域这个真理的绝对性。因此,两则材料中人都属于片面夸大真理相对性、否认真理绝对性的诡辩论。
(2)在人的认识活动中,必须承认真理是绝对性和相对性的辩证统一。绝对真理和相对真理是同一客观真理的两重属性。任何客观真理都是绝对真理和相对真理的统一。就其是对客观事物的正确认识而言,它是绝对真理,是永远不能被推翻的;就其是对客观事物的近似正确认识而言,它是相对真理,是要不断发展的。
必须以科学的态度对待一切真理,既要反对绝对主义,又要反对相对主义。绝对主义片面夸大真理的绝对性,否认真理的相对性,认为人们可以一下子穷尽绝对真理,把已有的理论看成永恒不变的教条,从而导致教条主义和思想僵化。相对主义片面夸大真理的相对性,否认真理的绝对性、客观性,怀疑科学理论的可靠性,把真理看成是主观随意的东西,从而导致怀疑主义和诡辩论。

阅读理解

A

A good way to pass an exam is to work hard every day in the year. You may fail in an exam if you are lazy for most of the year and then work hard only a few days before the exam.

Do not remember only grammar when you are learning English. Try to read stories in English and speak in English as often as you can. A few days before the exam you should go to bed early. Do not study late at night. Before you start the exam, read carefully over the exam paper. Try to understand the exact meaning of each question before you pick up your pen to write. When you have finished your exam, read your answers again. Correct(改正) the mistakes if there are any and make sure you have not missed anything out.

小题1:If you want to do well in an exam, you must       .

A.work hard every day in the year

B.study hard a few days before the exam

C.get up early a few days before the exam

D.keep doing your homework day and night小题2:It is      to go to bed late at night before the exam.

A.useful

B.important

C.not helpful

D.difficult小题3:Try your best to get the meaning of each question       .

A.after you write down your answers

B.before you write down your answers

C.as soon as you write down your answers

D.while you are writing down your answers小题4:In the last sentence “miss …out” means      .

A.think it hard

B.be important

C.be wrong

D.forget to answer小题5:If you want to learn English well, you must       .

A.try to read as many English stories as you can

B.learn grammar well

C.try to speak in English as much as possible

D.A, B and C

单项选择题