问题 阅读理解

(B)

People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed.It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive.

Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions.They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors.There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed.As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from one another, and there is a great deal of debate between proponents of each theory.The controversy is often referred to as “nature/nurture”.

Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological and genetic factors.That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics, and behavior is central to this theory.Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts.

Proponents of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, behaviorists, claimed that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act.A behaviorist, B.F.Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings.The behaviorists’ view of the human being is quite mechanistic; they maintain that, like machines, humans’ respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior.

Either of these theories cannot yet fully explain human behavior.In fact, it is quite likely that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes.That the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.

69.Which of the following statements would the supporters of the “nature” theory agree with?

A.A person’s instincts have little effect on his actions.

B.Environment is important in determining a person’s behavior and personality.

C.Biological reasons have a strong influence on how we act.

D.The behaviorists’ view correctly explains how we act.

70.Concerning the nature/nurture controversy, the writer of this article____________.

A.supports the nature theory

B.supports the nurture theory

C.believes both are completely wrong

D.thinks that the correct explanation of human behavior will take ideas from both theories.

71.In the United States, Black people often score below White people on intelligence tests.With this in mind, which of the following statements is NOT true?

A.Nature proponents would say that Whites are genetically superior to Blacks.

B.Supporters of the nature theory would say that Whites score well because they have a superior environment.

C.Behaviorists would say that Blacks often lack the educational and environmental advantages that Whites enjoy.

D.Nurture proponents would disagree that Blacks are biologically inferior to Whites.

答案

69-71 C D B      

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读

动物导航之谜

①世界上许多动物有着奇异的远航能力。如生活在南美洲的绿海龟,每年6月中旬便成群结队地从巴西沿海出发,历时2个多月,行程2000多千米,到达大西洋上的阿森松岛,在那里生儿育女以后又返回老家。2个月后小龟破壳而出,同样像他们的父母一样游回遥远的巴西沿海。

②这种奇异的远航本领,鸟类可能更胜一chóu(    )。身长仅4厘米的北极燕鸥,每年在美国的新英格兰筑巢产卵育雏,到8月份便携儿带女飞往南方,12月份到达南极洲,到第2年春天,又飞回新英格兰,每年飞行距离达3.5万千米。

③令人感兴趣的是许多与人类有密切关系的家养动物,也有远途外出而不迷路的能力。这些动物是凭借什么来辨别方向、认识路线的呢?

④科学家们利用蜜蜂和鸽子所做的动物导航实验,已经初步揭开了这两种动物导航的秘密。著名的诺贝尔奖获得者、奥地利生物学家弗里希,曾在20世纪40年代,用一系列实验测出了蜜蜂的基本导航能力,证明了蜜蜂通常是利用太阳作为罗盘进行导航的,指出蜜蜂就是以太阳作为参考点,通过“舞蹈”告诉其他蜜蜂如何到达它发现的花源地。

⑤通过信鸽的实验,进一步证明了动物的远航是以太阳为罗盘进行导航的。科学家曾做过一个实验:将一群鸽子关在离家以西160千米的屋里,中午时打开电灯模拟黎明,然后放出鸽子,它们以为这是黎明,太阳在东方,但此时却正好在南方,鸽子看到太阳后就根据太阳来导航而飞向南方,它们还以为这是向东方朝家飞呢。

⑥蜜蜂和鸽子不仅在有太阳的时候能顺利导航,就是在没有阳光的阴天也能准确地返回自己的家园。因此可以推测,它们可能有另外一套导航系统。科学家们首先通过实验发现蜜蜂对磁场很敏感。美国科学家沃尔科特曾做过一个实验,他给鸽子带上一个小头盔,可以精确地控制每只鸽子飞行时的磁场。当控制头盔产生一个北极朝上的磁场时,鸽子就飞不回来;如果产生一个南极朝上的磁场时,鸽子又可直接飞回。这就证明鸽子是利用磁北极导航的。

⑦科学家们的实验,虽然已初步揭示了蜜蜂和鸽子导航的秘密,但是太阳、星星的位置会随时间而变化,即使是地磁场的强度也会有变化。那么鸽子和蜜蜂是怎样根据变化而调整自己的导航行为,至今尚无人知晓。加上动物种类繁多,海龟、昆虫以及大蝴蝶等能远航的动物,是凭借什么回到自己的老家的,这些秘密尚未揭开,还有待于科学家的继续研究。

小题1:根据②段的拼音写出汉字

更胜一chóu(    )

小题2:第②段画线句主要采用了的_     说明方法,意在说明_          

小题3:阅读第③④⑤⑥段,完成下面两题:

(1)蜜蜂、鸽子是依靠_        _       导航的。

(2)这四段内容的说明顺序是由_       _       的逻辑顺序。

小题4:第④段加点词“初步”不能删去的理由是_                    

小题5:下面对文意理解正确一项是(    )(4分)

A.第①段用南美洲的绿海龟的例子,说明海龟生儿育女非常辛苦。

B第②段介绍北极燕鸥每年飞行距离达3.5万千米,强调飞行距离长。

C第④段介绍了蜜蜂通过“舞蹈”告诉同伴如何到达它发现的花源地。

D.第⑥段用科学家的实验证明鸽子在阴天利用磁场来判断家的方向。

多项选择题