问题 计算题

在祖国建设的热潮中,推土机发挥了重要作用。现有一履带式推土机,其额定功率为120Kw,质量为1.5×104Kg,求:

(1)若推土机的牵引力用F表示,速度用v表示,发动机的功率用P表示,请你推导出F、v与P之间的关系式P=Fv

(2)若推土机在120kW的额定功率下工作,在平直场地上以1.5m/s的速度匀速前进了15m,则推土机产生的牵引力F和推土机所做的功分别是多少?

答案

(1)见解析(2)8×104 N,1.2×106 J 

题目分析:因为是匀速前进,利用功率公式和功的公式W=Fs,结合速度公式,分析求解.推土机的牵引力做的功:W=F•s又∵.当推土机以额定功率进行推土作业时,

则:P=120Kw=1.2×105w

v=5.4Km/h=1.5m/s

推土机的牵引力

又∵在平直的场地上匀速前进

∴摩擦力f=F=8×104N

推土机所做的功W=Fs=8×104N×15m=1.2×106J.

点评:本题的计算公式中的物理量,应认真分析题干,从中得出已知数据,特别注意题干中的隐含条件,如:履带式推土机、以额定功率进行推土、匀速前进.考查了学生综合分析获取信息的能力.

完形填空

完形填空(共20小题,每小题1.5分,满分30分)

阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从36~55各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。

A certain good woman one day said something that hurt her best friend of many years. She __36__ immediately and would have done anything to have taken the words back. What she said __37__ her friend so much that this good woman was hurt herself for the pain she caused. In a(an) __38_ to undo what she had done, she went to an older, wiser woman in the village to ask for   39  . 

Listening to her, the older woman __40__ the younger woman’s great pain and knew she must help her. She __41__ knew she could never ease her pain, __42__ she could teach. She knew the result would depend only on the __43__ of the younger woman. She said, “Tonight, take your best feather __44__ and put a single feather on the doorstep of each __45__ in town before the sun rises.”

The young woman __46__ home to prepare for her words, even if the feather pillow were very dear to her. All _47__ long, she worked alone in the cold. __48__ the sky was getting light and she placed the last feather on the steps of the last house. Just as the sun rose, she _49__ to the older woman.

“Now,” said the wiser woman, “Go back and refill your pillow with the __50__ you have put on the steps. Then everything will be as it was before.”

“You know that is __51__ ! The wind blew away each feather as fast as I put them on the doorsteps!”The young woman was very __52 _ .

“That is true, ” said the older woman. “Never __53_ . Each of your words is like a feather in the wind.  _54_  spoken , no effort can ever return them to your mouth. __55__ your words well and guard them most of all in the presence of those you love.”

36. A . called             B. apologized            C. regretted              D. wrote

37. A. hurt               B. missed               C . impressed             D. gave

38. A. effect             B. effort                C. letter                 D. offer

39. A. view               B. money               C. comfort               D. advice

40. A. sensed             B. reminded             C. noticed                D. reduced

41. A. hardly             B. still                  C. also                   D. yet

42. A. so                B. and                  C. for                    D. but

43. A. patience           B. attitude              C. character               D. words

44. A. coat              B. cap                   C. quilt                  D. pillow

45. A. stair              B. house                 C. gate                   D. street

46. A. hurried            B. drove                 C. rode                  D. walked

47. A. day               B. morning              C. night                  D. afternoon

48.A. Again             B. Finally                C. Suddenly              D. lately

49. A. referred           B. turned                C. returned                       D. devoted

50. A. sand              B. money                C. step                  D. feather

51. A.useless              B . impossibe             C. unnecessary           D. boring

52. A .surprised          B. right                          C. puzzled             D. angry

53. A. admit             B. mind                    C. remember             D. forget

54. A. Once             B. Though               C.  Unless             D. As

55. A. Speak              B. Choose               C . Say                  D. Guide

单项选择题