问题 阅读理解

It was a cold grey day in late November. The weather had changed overnight, when a backing wind brought a pale sky and a muzzling rain with it, and although it was now only a little after two o’clock in the afternoon the gray of a winter evening seemed to have closed upon the hills, surrounding them in mist. It would be dark by four. The leather seats felt damp to the hands, and there must have been a small crack in the roof, because now and again little drips of rain fell softly through, polluting the leather and leaving a dark – blue stain like a spot of ink. The wind came in, at times shaking the coach as it traveled round the bend of the road, and in the exposed places on the high ground it blew with such force that the whole body of the coach trembled and swayed, rocking between the high wheels like a drunken man.

The driver, muffled (裹住) in a greatcoat to his ears, bent almost double in his seat in a faint endeavor to gain shelter from his own shoulders. The few passengers pressed together for warmth, exclaiming all together when the coach sank into a heavier rut (车辙) than usual, and one old fellow, who had kept up a constant complaint ever since he had joined the coach at Truro, rose from his seat in anger; and, feeling with the window – frame, let the window down with a crash, bringing a shower of rain upon himself and his fellow – passengers. He thrust his head out and shouted up to the driver, scolding him in a angry voice for a rogue and a murderer; that they would all be dead before they reached Bodmin if he persisted in driving at dangerous speed; they had no breath left in their bodies as it was, and he would never travel by coach again.

41.What is the main image the author gives in this description?

A.In terrible weather, a coach was running fast in mud with complaining passengers on it.

B.On a cold and rainy day the coach broke and the driver was repairing it on the road.

C.On a cold night the driver and the passengers felt very cold and struggled in the rain.

D.The bad condition of the road resulted in the bad mood of the passengers.

42.Which of the following is correct according to the text?

A.The windows were tightly closed, so the cold air was kept outside the coach.

B.The spot of ink stained leather, so the seats felt damp to the hands.

C.Most probably the roof of the coach was broken.

D.There was a drunken man swaying constantly on the coach.

43.The expression “muffled in a greatcoat to… his own shoulders” implies         .

A.the driver felt very cold and tried to change his seat

B.the driver felt comfortable by doing in that way

C.The driver felt very cold and tried to gain warmth

D.The driver tried to protect his ears and shoulders

44.We can learn from the text that         .

A.the coach was running slowly due to the bad weather

B.an old passenger who got on the coach at Truro was angry about the windows

C.one of the passengers on the coach was a murderer

D.the few passengers let out exclamations as the coach moved violently

答案

41. A   42. C   43. C   44. D 

阅读理解与欣赏

(2008年广州二模卷)阅读下面的文字,完成后面的题目。

论勇气

培 根

小学语文课本中有一个虽然微不足道但是却值得博学之人深思的故事:

有一次,有人问德摩斯梯尼①演说家最主要的才能是什么,他说,表情。该人又问:其次呢?也是表情。又问:再其次呢?还是表情!他之所以这样说,是因为他最了解所说的事情,同时他在自己所推崇的才能上又没有天生的优势。这真是一件奇怪的事情:表情在一位演说家所有的才能中不过是最表面的东西,并且更适合作秀者,却被抬得这样高,甚至超出其他如独创、口齿清晰等更高一筹的本领。不仅如此,这种表面的才能简直好像是独一无二的,是一切的一切。然而其理由是显然易见的,人性中通常是愚蠢多于明智,因此那些能引起人心中的愚蠢的才能是最有说服力的。

与此有惊人相似之处的就是在处理事务中表现出的气概:首先是什么?勇气!其次呢?勇气!再其次呢?还是勇气!可是,勇气不过是卑鄙无知的产物,远远次于其他美德。然而它能迷惑并束缚那些见识浅薄或缺乏勇气的人,而这种人又是数量最多的,甚至这种盲目狂妄的伪勇者能趁智者脆弱时大获全胜。因此我们常见勇气在民主政体国家中才会创造奇迹,而在参议院或君主的国家中,效应就小多了。而且勇气总在大胆的人们首次活动的时候功效更大,其后就未必那么奏效了。因为勇气不善于坚守诚信。

当然,在人的肉体方面,有游医郎中;在政治团体方面,也有江湖术士,这些人担任着治愈疾病的伟大使命,也许在最初的两三次试验中会建立奇功,但因为缺乏科学基础,所以这种效果不会持久。而且,你可以看到许多大胆的家伙居然屡次创造出穆罕默德式的奇迹。穆罕默德让人们相信他可以把一座山叫到面前,然后可以坐在那座山的山顶上,为那些信奉他的人祈祷。人们聚集在了一起,穆罕默德反复地叫那座山到他面前来,但那座山依然屹立不动,他非但一点也不沮丧,反而说道:“要是山不肯到穆罕默德这儿来,那么穆罕默德就到山那儿去好了。”同样,当那些江湖术士们预先答应了很重大的事,结果却很不体面地失败了。但是他们很快就会忘记这些挫折(如果他们有足够的勇气的话),并且掉过头去,再不会为此劳心费力。

无疑的,在有远见的人看来,所谓勇者不过是可笑的莽汉而已。不仅如此,在一般人的眼中,勇气也是有点可笑的。因为,如果“荒谬”是引人发笑的东西,那么毋庸置疑,伟大的勇气很少是没有一点荒唐之处的。尤其可笑的是,当一个大胆的家伙遭人反对的时候,他的面貌变得极其猥琐,或者呆若木鸡,一定是这样的。因为在退让之中,人的精神是彷徨不定的;但是在上述情形中,那些勇夫们给人的感觉精神呆滞,好像下棋下成和局一样,虽然算不上输,然而那一局棋无法走下去了。但是,这最后所说的事,或许更适合讽刺的说法,而不是很严肃。

有一点我们要注意:大胆永远是盲目的,因为它看不到危险和困难。因此,大胆在策划中是不好的,在执行中却能派上用场。所以对有勇无谋者来说,英明的做法是永远不要让他们担任决策的首脑,而应当让他们当副手,听从别人的指挥。因为在策划时必须能预见艰险,而在执行中最好对艰险视而不见,除非那艰险非常之大。

(选自《沦人生》,刘慧译,有改动)

[注]①德摩斯梯尼(前384-前322),古希腊卓越的雄辩家和著名的政治家。

1.以下的表述,与作者的观点不符的两项是( )( )

A.在处理事务的时候最需要的气概绝对不是勇气。

B.只有见识浅薄、愚昧无知的人才会去相信勇气。

C.要建立民主政体国家,就必须让勇气创造奇迹。

D.勇气是可贵的,但一般人却认为勇气荒唐可笑。

E.勇气即使能取得成功,其成功也是十分短暂的。

F.勇气对决策者是不适合的,因为勇气无视艰险。

2.从“穆罕默德式的奇迹”这一例可推出的观点是( )

A.勇气远远次于其他的美德。

B.勇气是不善于坚守诚信的。

C.勇夫无足够勇气面对失败。

D.勇者最好对艰险视而不见。

3.“与此有惊人相似之处”的“相似之处”指的是什么?请从两方面加以概述。

4.为什么说勇气“能迷惑人”?为什么又说“其后就未必那么奏效”?

名词解释