问题 填空题

(1)“化学使天更蓝,水更清。”汽车尾气处理装置能使某些有毒气体转化为无毒气体:2NO+2CO→N2+2CO2。在该反应中化合价变化的元素为     (填写元素名称);反应所涉及的物质中:      是光合作用的原料,     能与血红蛋白结合,其中有一种气体是空气中含量最高的,其体积分数约为     

(2)在H、C、O、Ca四种元素中,选择适当的元素组成符合下列要求的物质。(填写化学式)

① 沼气的主要成分                  ,②最常见的溶剂                      

③ 可被人体直接吸收的糖             ,④溶洞中钟乳石的主要成分           

答案

(1)氮元素;二氧化碳;一氧化碳;78%;

(2)CH4、H2O、C6H12O6、CaCO3

题目分析:(1)根据“在化合物中,正负化合价的代数和为零”的原则,已知氧为-2价,那么一氧化氮中氮元素的化合价为-2价;氮气是单质,元素的化合价为0;光合作用是利用空气中的水和二氧化碳为原料,得到有机物和氧气;一氧化碳有毒,能与血红蛋白结合,从而阻止氧气与血红蛋白结合;空气中含量最多的是氮气,占78%;

(2)沼气的主要成分是甲烷;最常见的溶剂是水;可被人体直接吸收的糖是葡萄糖;溶洞中钟乳石的主要成分是碳酸钙。

阅读理解

On August 15, 2011,the Ministry Publish Security (公安部) started a campaign (活动) to educate drivers about the dangers of driving after drinking.

As a part of the campaign, police officers watched bars, restaurants and KTVs in Beijing, Shanghai, Liaoning, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hubei and Guangdong. It ended up on December 30. But it told the drivers the meaning of the new traffic laws and the dangers of drinking.

In Beijing, some restaurants put up notices and told drivers about their responsibility. “Usually if a group of guests come by car, the driver won’t drink. If he does, we will remind him,” said a waitress from Dongfang Restaurant in Beijing. Fewer drivers are drinking alcohol nowadays, since many know about the campaign.

Wang Lankun, a traffic policeman in Beijing said, “Some drivers think a glass of beer is not a problem. But a blood test will show that their blood-alcohol level is more than 20mg for each 100ml of blood, that is enough to affect their driving.”

During the campaign, drivers who have a blood-alcohol level of over 20mg for each 100ml of blood will get a fine of 500 yuan. Also, they will not be allowed to drive for three months.

In fact, there are strict laws to punish drunk driving in many other countries. For example, in the USA, if someone has a blood-alcohol level of over 80mg for each 100ml of blood, he will be sent to prison for one year. But in Britain, he will be fined 5,000 pounds and banned (禁止)from driving for 12 months, also he will be sent to prison for 6 months. In Germany, if a driver has a blood-alcohol level of over 60mg for each 100ml of blood, he won’t be allowed to drive until he passes a new driving test.

小题1:How long did the campaign last?

A.For about half a year.

B.For about four and a half months.

C.For about 12 months.

D.For about three months.小题2:The police officers watched many places except ___________.

A.restaurants

B.KTVs

C.schools

D.bars小题3:If a driver drinks a glass of beer before driving in China,_________

A.it won’t affect his driving.

B.he will take a new driving test and get a driver’s license.

C.he won’t be allowed to drive for three months.

D.his blood-alcohol level will be over 60mg for each 100ml of blood.小题4:If a driver has a blood-alcohol level of over 80mg for each 100ml of blood in Germany,

which punishment will he accept?

A.One year in prison.

B.Banned until he passes a new driving test.

C.A 12-month ban from the roads.

D.A fine of 5000 pounds.小题5:From the text, we know_________.

A.The waitress in the restaurant can remind the driver not to drink

B.More and more drivers are drinking alcohol nowadays

C.The Ministry Publish Security began this campaign to punish the drivers

D.All drivers must pass a new driving test if they drive after drinking

名词解释