American and British researchers have proved that judgments based on how someone looks are important. They found that appearance tells a lot about your personality.

The researchers included Laura Naumann of Sonoma State University in California, and Simine Vazire of Washington University in Saint Louis, Missouri. They were joined by Sam Gosling of the University of Texas at Austin and Peter J. Rentfrow of Britain's Cambridge University. The results of their study were published in the Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin in December, 2009.

The subjects（接受实验者）were asked to judge the personality of people they had never met. The judges examined pictures of one hundred twenty-three people. The people in the photographs had been told how to stand. They looked into the cameras without showing their feelings. The same people also were photographed the way they themselves wanted to stand. Those who wanted to smile could smile.

Then the judges attempted to decide what the people were like. The researchers compared the judges’ opinions with the way the people who were photographed thought of themselves. Three people who knew those in the photographs well also provided information about their personality and behavior.

The judges looked for ten qualities in the people in the pictures. The qualities included extroversion (having a confident character and enjoying the company of other people) and self-esteem (being satisfied with oneself).

The judges also looked for signs of loneliness, conscientiousness（正义）, emotional control and religious and political beliefs.

The researchers said the judges could identify some personalities even when people were pictured in controlled positions. They could recognize personalities like extroversion and self-esteem. But it was hard for the judges to decide about most other personalities under the controlled conditions.

When the people smiled and stood naturally, however, judging their personalities was easy. Then the judges’ choices were correct for nine of the ten personalities.

Researcher Laura Nauman said that we live in the world where first impressions are important.

1. According to the passage, who were the judges?

A. The researchers of the study.                       B. The subjects in the study.

C. Parents and other adults.                               D. People in the photographs.

2. Which of the following qualities could the judges identify even when people were pictured in controlled positions?

A. Extroversion                   B. Religious beliefs              C. Loneliness         D. Emotional control

3. We can infer from the passage that ____________

A. the study was carried out by four researchers from America.

B. in the study126 people were photographed for judges to decide their personalities.

C. the Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin is an official publication（出版物）.

D. it was hard to recognize personalities when the people were pictured with natural looks.

4. What will the author most probably talk about next?

A. The quality of the judges.                      B. The personalities of Laura Nauman.

C. Signs of emotional control.                   D. The reason why one’s appearance is important.