问题 问答题

[说明]
为了有效记录交通事故情况,欲设计一个交通事故记录系统。
一辆汽车有一个唯一的“车牌号”,车主购买汽车时需要提供相关信息,包括身份证、姓名、年龄、性别、地址等。一个车主可以拥有多辆汽车,而一辆汽车只有一个车主。驾驶员不一定是车主,因此记录交通事故时要记录驾驶员身份证号,同时记录事故发生时刻。
图2-1描绘了人、汽车、交通事故三个实体类型及实体间联系的一个E-R图。
[图2-1]


对应的关系模式为:
· 人(身份证号,姓名,性别,年龄,地址)
· 汽车(车牌号,型号)
· 事故(车牌号,身份证号,时刻,损失,描述)
· 拥有(身份证号,车牌号)

指出每种关系模式的主键。

答案

参考答案:人:身份证汽车:车牌号 事故:(车牌号,身份证) 拥有:车牌号

解析:身份证号是唯一的,可作为人的主键。依题述,“一辆汽车有一个唯一的‘车牌号’”,因此汽车关系的主键为:车牌号。一起事故自然与某量车(车牌号标识)相关,而“驾驶员不一定是车主”,因此还须记录驾驶员(身份证标识),故其主键为:(车牌号,身份证号)。“一个车主可以拥有多辆汽车,一辆汽车只有一个车主”,因此拥有关系的主键为:车牌号。

阅读理解

As the Internet’s influence grows, the potential for danger also escalates (逐步上升). One of these dangers is from cyber-bullying. Cyber-bullying (网络欺凌) is repeatedly hurting someone else through the use of technology. It consists of sending or posting cruel messages, photos, or videos on the Internet or other electronic media with the intent of damaging the reputation of the target. Imagine being a 13-year-old girl discovering a cell phone picture of her changing clothes for gym class has been sent to all her classmates. Or imagine being an 11-year-old boy who is scared to go to school because an unknown bully sent him an instant message saying that he is so fat that he should kill himself. Cases such as these are happening every day, leading kids to be depressed and unable to concentrate.

Worse yet, parents are oblivious (忽视的) to what is happening. Only 15 percent of parents even know what cyber-bullying is. And anyone who thinks that their child is not a victim or a bully is probably wrong. 90 percent of middle school students have had their feelings hurt online and 75 percent have admitted to visiting a website attacking another student.

Unlike traditional schoolyard bullying, where a bully has a name and a face, cyber-bullying gets much of its power from anonymity (匿名). A cyber bully might design a website posting cruel remarks about a classmate and never tell anyone that he or she was the creator. The cyber-bullying also gets its power from the scope (范围) of its audience. Within seconds, a cyber bully can send an e-mail to everyone he or she knows, inviting them to take part in an online poll (民意测验) of who is the ugliest kid in their class. Victims can be picked on day and night from any place.

The good news is that you can help stop cyber-bullying. By making parents and educators aware of what is going on and encouraging them to take quick and strong action when cyber-bullying cases happen, you can help make technology constructive, not destructive, for young people.

小题1:What can we learn from the second paragraph?

A.Not many students have known of cyber-bullying.

B.Parents may not know their child is a victim of cyber-bullying.

C.Parents know a lot of cyber-bullying.

D.Most of the students have not been hurt by cyber-bullying.小题2:What does the author think of the cyber-bullying?

A.It is not as harmful as people think.

B.It is too complex a problem to settle.

C.It will not affect the relationship between classmates.

D.It can be stopped through our efforts.小题3:What will probably be discussed in the following passage?

A.How to prevent cyber-bullying.

B.What parents and educators think of cyber-bullying.

C.How to make parents aware of cyber-bullying.

D.How to make good use of technology.

名词解释