问题 单项选择题

脱疽内治,应始终贯穿的原则:

A.出血
B.切口感染
C.切口裂开
D.肺不张
E.尿路感染

答案

参考答案:A

阅读理解与欣赏

玻璃之王

⑴“玻璃之王”是这样诞生的:1959年,美国加利福尼亚理工学院杜威兹教授等人用制造玻璃的方法,将高温金-硅合金熔体喷射到高速旋转的铜轴上,以每秒100万摄氏度的冷却速度快速冷却熔体,第一次制造出了不透亮的玻璃。当时的一位物理学家看到这种刚诞生的合金材料时,曾嘲讽的说这是一种“愚蠢的合金”。这种不透亮、看起来“愚蠢的”的东西,就是在材料科学领域开辟出一条新道路的“玻璃之王”——金属玻璃。

⑵金属玻璃形成的原理是什么呢?通常情况下,金属及合金在从液体凝固成固体时,原子总是从液体的混乱排列转变成整齐的排列,即成为晶体。但是,如果金属或合金的液体凝固速度非常快,原子来不及排列整齐便被冻结住了,最终的原子排列方式仍类似于液体,是混乱的,这就是非晶态合金。因为非晶态合金原子的混乱排列情况类似于玻璃,所以又被称为金属玻璃。

⑶那么在实际生产中金属玻璃又该如何获得?研究人员发现,单一的金属液体凝固形成非晶态所需的冷却速度要远远高于其它物质液体。例如,普通的玻璃液体只要慢慢冷却下来,得到的玻璃就是非晶态的;而单一的金属液体则需要每秒高达1亿摄氏度以上的冷却速度才能形成非晶态,这个速度是普通玻璃的无数倍。由于目前工艺水平的限制,实际生产中难以达到如此高的冷却速度,也就是说,单一的金属难以在生产上被制成非晶态的金属玻璃。但是,合金弥补了单一金属的缺憾。合金具有这样两个重要性质:第一,它的熔点远低于纯金属,例如,纯铁的熔点为1538 ℃,而铁硅硼合金的熔点一般在1200 ℃以下;第二,液体状态的合金原子更加难以移动,在冷却时更加难以整齐排列,也就是说,更容易被“冻结”成非晶体。这样,人们在实际生产中就将金属与其它物质混合形成合金后再来获得非晶态的金属玻璃。

⑷目前,金属玻璃已经得到了广泛地应用。因为它具有较强的韧性、刚性、优良的磁性、良好的化学稳定性等,人们赞扬它是“敲不碎、砸不烂”的“玻璃之王”。金属玻璃已被用于制造高档录音机、录像机的高耐磨音频视频磁头。因为具有良好的磁学性质,金属玻璃还被用于制造高压容器、火箭等重要部位的零部件。科学家们还预言,凭借其耐腐蚀、抗撞击、耐冷热的特性及优异的力学性能,金属玻璃在将来可能会成为航天、军事及民用领域的理想候选材料。                      (原文有改动)

小题1:选文的说明顺序是_____________(2分)

小题2:选文第⑶段划线句运用了哪些说明方法?作用是什么?(4分)

小题3:依据选文内容,找出作为“玻璃之王”的金属玻璃目前都得到了哪些应用。(2分)

完形填空
As I was driving out of the store parking lot, they crossed in front of me.My first reaction was filled with   36  at being delayed for a whole ten seconds.But I quickly became   37  when I realized that it was an elderly   38   .
The man leaned on his   39  who walked in front of him.He not only used her for   40  but it was obvious that he was blind.The two of them  _41  as one—each needing the other to  42    in this fast-changing world.
That little example of true strength   43  my whole personal perception(理解) of life that day.Suddenly I wasn’t so   44  having to work a few extra hours on Saturdays.I had my    45 ,and I was still   46  young.
That picture of those two elderly people walking with dignity(尊严) and strength   47  me the entire week.My   48  wasn’t so bad after all.I had my health and a good job.I had a wonderful,         49  wife.I started to think—not only was I   50  to have these all, but so was that wonderful old couple,who,_51  the trials and sufferings of a long life,still had the love and support of each other to   52    them through this world.
There are so many people out there just like that couple.My wife and I sometimes   53 ourselves in our old age, walking arm in arm into the sunset. That image always gives us a    54  feeling.Just remember, none of us would be here if it wasn’t for our elders.We all should spend a little extra time and patience,   55  helping our elder friends.
小题1:
A.tensionB.angerC.surpriseD.puzzle
小题2:
A.nervousB.worriedC.patientD.satisfied
小题3:
A.coupleB.driverC.policemanD.truck
小题4:
A.friendB.daughterC.wifeD.mother
小题5:
A.funB.freeC.supportD.care
小题6:
A.workedB.stoodC.thoughtD.considered
小题7:
A.warnB.pointC.remindD.function
小题8:
A.ruinB.removeC.changeD.fail
小题9:
A.sure of B.mad aboutC.excited withD.curious about
小题10:
A.courageB.freedomC.dreamD.strength
小题11:
A.similarlyB.extremelyC.naturallyD.relatively
小题12:
A.agreed withB.stayed withC.happened toD.connected with
小题13:
A.familyB.planC.lifeD.salary
小题14:
A.supportiveB.famousC.activeD.pretty
小题15:
A.luckyB.fitC.willingD.eager
小题16:
A.unlessB.despiteC.owing toD.since
小题17:
A.challengeB.valueC.carryD.arrange
小题18:
A.pictureB.shareC.compareD.teach
小题19:
A.sadB.bitterC.seriousD.warm
小题20:
A.in case ofB.regardless ofC.as a result ofD.when it comes to