问题 问答题

何谓依赖于DNA的DNA聚合酶何谓依赖于RNA的DNA聚合酶各举出一例说明其在分子生物学实验中的应用。

答案

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解析:DNA聚合酶的种类很多,它们在细胞DNA复制过程中起着重要的作用。DNA聚合酶有DNA聚合酶Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ三类,这些酶的共同特点在于它们都能够把脱氧核糖核苷酸连续地加到双链DNA分子引物链的3′-OH末端,催化核苷酸的聚合作用。这些酶作用时需要以DNA作模板,合成产物的序列与模板互补,所以这些酶又称为依赖于DNA的DNA聚合酶。 反转录酶是以RNA为模板,按RNA中的核苷酸顺序合成。DNA,是与一般转录过程中遗传信息流从DNA到RNA的方向相反,所以又可称为依赖于RNA的DNA聚合酶。它最早在致瘤RNA病毒中首先发现,最普遍使用的则是来源于鸟类骨髓母细胞瘤病毒的反转录酶。 例如大肠杆菌DNA聚合酶Ⅰ就是一种依赖于DNA的DNA聚合酶,在分子生物学实验中其主要用途有:①用切口平移方法标记DNA作杂交探针;②利用其5′→3′外切核酸酶活性降解寡核苷酸作为合成cDNA第二链的引物;③用于对DNA分子的3′突出尾巴进行末端标记,用于DNA序列分析。 在分子生物学实验中,依赖于RNA的DNA聚合酶的主要用途是:①将mRNA反转录成cDNA,构建cDNA文库,进行克隆实验;②对具有5′突出端的DNA片段的3′端进行填补(补平反应)和标记,制备探针;③代替Klenow大片段,用于DNA序列测定。

问答题 简答题
单项选择题

In choosing a friend, one should be very careful. A good friend can help you study. You can have fun together and make each other happy. Sometimes you will meet fair weather friends. They will be with you as long as you have money or luck, but when you are down, they will run away. How do I know when I have found a good friend I look for certain qualities of character, especially understanding, honesty and reliability.
Above all else, I look for understanding in a friend. A good friend tries to understand how another person is feeling. He is not quick to judge. Instead, he tries to learn from others. He puts himself in the other person’s place, and he tries to think of ways to be helpful. He is also a good listener.
At the same time, however, a good friend is honest. He does not look for faults in others. He notices their good points. In short, a friend will try to understand me and accept me.
Another quality of a friend is reliability. I can always depend on a good friend. If he tells me he will meet me somewhere at a certain time, I can be sure that he will be there. If I need a favor, he will do his best to help me. If I am in trouble, he will not run away from me.
There is a fourth quality that makes a friend special. A special friend is someone with whom we can have fun. We should enjoy our lives, and we would enjoy our friendship. That is why I especially like friends who are fun to be with. A good friend likes the same things I like. We share experience and learn from each other. A good friend has a good sense of humor, too. He likes to laugh with me. That is how we share in the joy of being friends. And I know that he is looking for the same quality in me.
When I meet someone who is reliable, honest, and understanding, I know I’ve found a friend!

If you have fair weather friends, ______.

A.they will give you all that they have when you need help

B.you will be refused when you get into trouble

C.you will become rich

D.you can be sure that you get real friends