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试述整治普通对口道岔晃车的方法。 :

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参考答案:

对口道岔在结构上的自然三角坑,以及两尖轨尖端间轨距递减的特殊性,列车通过时,较单开道岔出现较多的特殊晃车。减缓对口道岔晃车的整修方法,有以下两种:

1.自然三角坑的整修岔首相对,采用无绝缘接头的可垫桥型整体垫板,保持接头的平顺性,防止出现空吊板,可减轻动态晃车。直向通过量较大的同侧对口道岔,可将两尖轨尖端间水平差做成直股低于曲股2mm。异侧对口道岔可将转辙部6mm三角坑做成4mm自然三角坑。岔首用短轨连接的对口道岔,短轨内两股有高差、直向通过量较大的同向对口道岔,可将两尖轨尖端间水平差做成直股低于曲股3mm。异侧对口道岔可将转辙部6mm三角坑做成4mm自然三角坑。短轨内两股水平高差,从转辙部4mm高差各自顺坡至短轨中部。不论整修同侧和异侧对口道岔,都不允许人为作业造成道岔高低不良。

2.轨距递减整修异侧不同类型对口道岔,两尖轨尖端轨距,从较大的轨距向较小的轨距均匀递减。轨距递减后,由于递减距离短,出现了岔首均偏离直股方向的方向不良接头。比如12号与9号,道岔异侧对口相接,可采取各自向接头递减的方法,将相连接头处做成1440mm,以达到目视方向直顺,减缓动态晃车的目的。但应注意,为保持轨距经常处于良好状态,铺设前应对曲基本轨第二曲折点重新进行弯折,以满足岔首轨距设置的要求。

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阅读下文并回答问题。

The word “day” has two meanings. When we talk about the number of days in a year, we are using “day” to mean 24 hours. But when we talk about day and night, we are using “day” to mean the time between sunrise and sunset. Since the earth looks like a ball, the sun can shine on only half of it at a time. Always one half of the earth is having day and the other half night. A place is moved from day into night and from night into day over and over by the spinning(旋转) of the earth. At the equator(赤道) day and night are sometimes the same length. They are each twelve hours long. The sun rises at 6 o’clock in the morning and sets at 6 o’clock in the evening. For six months the North Pole is tilted(倾斜) toward the sun. In those months the Northern Hemisphere(半球) gets more hours of sunlight than the Southern Hemisphere. Days are longer than nights. South of the equator nights are longer than days. For the other six months the North Pole is tilted away from the sun. Then the Southern Hemisphere gets more sunlight. Days are longer than nights. North of the equator nights are longer than days. Winter is the season of long nights. Summer is the season of long days.

小题1:How many meanings does the word “day” have?

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小题2:At the equator(赤道),are day and night sometimes the same length?

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小题3:By what of the earth is a place moved from day into night and from night into day over and over?

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