问题 问答题

影响小学生概念学习的因素有哪些?教师应如何促进小学生的概念学习?

答案

参考答案:

(1)影响小学生概念学习的因素分为两个方面:

第一、小学生个体的自身因素。

分别是:

一是年龄和年级。在正常情况下,年龄和年级与概念学习水平的关系是一致的,年级反映学生受小学教育的程 度。事实证明,小学生概念学习水平与年龄和受教育程度呈正相关;

二使智力。智力正常是小学生进行学习活动的前提,小学生智力发展程度不同,达到相应的概念 学习水平和速度就不一样;

三是经验。小学生的概念学习有明显的认知直观性,需要有具体的经验作支持。

第二、概念本身的因素。

分别是:

一是概念的类别:具体概念容易,抽象概念比较困难。

二是概念的属性:可观察实例的概念学习起来容易,不好观察实例的概念学习起来难度较大。

(2)教师促进小学生的概念学习要做到:

第一、多运用变式。在学生学习概念时教师在教学中要多运用变式,同时在辅导学生学习概念时也要引导学生多运用变式。这样使学生学习的概念更精确,更容易迁移。

第二、多运用比较。教师在教学和辅导学生概念学习中,要重视将概念实例的有关和无关特征进行比较,这样才能使学生更好地理解和掌握概念。

第三、正确使用肯定实例和否定实例。教师在讲解概念时,不但要运用变式,使用肯定实例突出关键特征,还要使用否定实例加以鉴别。

单项选择题 A1/A2型题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Why should I teach my children history? That sounds like a stupid question to even ask. But, as I hear

different home schooling teachers discuss history, I get the idea that there may be different reasons for

teaching history. Let me briefly explain the three good reasons for studying history and two bad reasons

for studying history.

     The major reason I see for studying history is that we can learn from the past. I am convinced that the

world would be a much better place if more people understood the successes and failures of the past and

the things that made these successes and failures. However, as the unfortunately true statement goes "the

one thing we seem to learn from history is that we don't seem to learn from history." Perhaps at least in

teaching history, to my children I can do a small part in changing this.

     A second major reason for studying history is that it is hard to understand the current political climate

in the absence of an understanding of its historical context. We can- not even understand why we are and

where we are without history, much less (更不必说) try to figure out where we are going or how we

should get where we want to be.

     I teach my children history, for one more reason. I purchased a set of historical audio (录音机) tapes

for our children. My seven-year-old son listened to them over and over. It was my hope that he would

become inspired by the accomplishments of people like the Wright brothers to accomplish things by

himself. I think that it is good that we celebrate the accomplishments of people like Martin Luther King Jr.

if, in doing so, young people are called on to stand for the principles that he stood for and accomplish what

he accomplished. I also think that by studying people like Adolph Hitler, people can learn to stand against

the things that he stood for.

1. What message can we get from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2?

A. Many people aren't clever enough to learn well from the past.

B. Many people fail to make good use of history and make the same mistakes.

C. Many people feel it hard to understand history.

D. Many people have no interest in studying history.

2. In Paragraph 3, the author shows that history is useful because _______.

A. it makes the current political situation go smoothly

B. it helps us realize the importance of historical events

C. it helps us understand why things are the way they are

D. it helps people accept the present situation where they live

3. What would be talked about in the following paragraph?

A. How to teach history effectively.

B. Some negative reasons for studying history.

C. How to get more people to study history.

D. Some bad historical figures.

4. The main purpose of this passage is to _______.

A. inspire the parents to teach their children history

B. show the importance of history in politics

C. explain the reasons why children study history

D. introduce the writer' s own way of teaching history