问题 问答题 简答题

什么是里格斯的行政生态学及其核心内容?里格斯据此得出了什么结论?

答案

参考答案:

行政生态学是以行政现象、行政行为与行政环境之间相互关系为研究对象的,它要求运用生态学的概念与方法对行政系统作整体的观察与精密的分析,作宏观研究和微观研究,从而正确揭示行政这一主体生长和发展规律,以从整体上把握行政过程与行政运行规律。里格斯行政生态学理论核心内容是“溶合的一棱柱的一衍射的模式”。正是基于对诸如传统泰国、现代泰国、菲律宾以及现代美国等不同形态的国家公共行政的比较研究,里格斯创立了他的行政生态学理论并得出了如下结论:当我们研究一个国家的行政制度和行政行为时,不能仅从行政本身作孤立的描述和比较,而必须进一步了解它与周围环境的相互关系。里格斯认为,在发达国家,社会的经济、政治、行政等各个方面多少都有各自的范围,所以比较容易个别地抽离出来研究。但是,在发展中国家,这些方面往往纠缠在一起,彼此密切地相互影响着,因此研究者必须把眼光扩展到整个社会政治系统的各有关因素,才能把公共行政的真实情况勾划出来。

 

 

单项选择题

Modern industrial society grants little status to old people. In fact, such a society has a system of built-in obsolescence. There is no formal system for continuing our education throughout our life in order to keep up with rapidly changing knowledge. When our education and job skills have grown obsolete, we are treated exactly like those who have never gained an education or job skills and are not encouraged or given the opportunity to begin anew.
As a society becomes more highly developed, the overall status of older people diminishes. Improved health technology creates a large pool of old people, who compete for jobs with the young. However, economic technology lowers the demand for workers and creates new jobs for which the skills of the aged are obsolete, forcing older people into retirement. At the same time, young people are being educated in the new technology and are keeping pace with rapid changes in knowledge. Finally, urbanization creates age-segregated neighborhoods. Because the old live on fixed incomes, they must often live in inferior housing. All these factors—retirement, obsolete knowledge and skills, inferior standards of living—lower the status of the aged in society.
A century ago, when one could expect to live only to 50 or so, the life span more or less coincided with the occupation and family cycle. But today the average life span allows for fifteen to twenty years of life after these cycles. It appears that our life span is outpacing our usefulness in society.

It can be deduced from this passage that one should ______.

A.learn new skills

B.be open-minded

C.have a good personality

D.keep pace with the times

单项选择题