问题 问答题

2010年3月份,甲房地产开发公司(以下简称“甲公司”)开始销售其开发的住宅小区——“阳光小区”,其销售广告称“该小区环境优美,绿化率为50%,并且邀请到百年名校××实验二小同时入住”。由于绿化率和入学的便利条件,该小区房价一路飚升至25000元/平方米,仍被抢购一空。
2010年12月1日,“阳光小区”交付业主使用,业主们入住后发生了下列事件:
(1)王某的女儿正值上小学的年龄,当初正是看中广告所称的××实验二小会在该小区设分校这一点,才买下该小区的房子,但是入住后,始终不见××实验二小的踪迹。王某十分焦急,多次催问无果后,终将女儿送入其他小学,为此王某要求甲公司承担违约责任,甲公司以“邀请××实验二小同时入住”一事并未纳入购房合同,不具有约束力为由拒绝承担责任。
(2)刘某将其所购房屋出租给赵某使用,租赁合同中明确约定,房屋租金为5000元/月,按季预付,物业费由赵某缴纳。赵某租下该房屋后,由于对物业公司的服务不满,一直拒绝缴纳物业费。2011年5月,赵某未经刘某同意将该房屋转租给李某,刘某得知后强烈反对,并主张解除与赵某的租赁合同,要求李某腾退房屋。
(3)因甲公司原因,张某购下房屋后一直未能取得房屋产权证,经查,张某与甲公司购房合同总价款为250万元,双方约定甲公司应当自该小区交付使用之日起3个月内为张某办理房屋产权证,否则应当承担合同总价款30%的违约金。张某就该事项诉至人民法院,要求甲公司及时办理房屋产权证,并支付75万元的违约金。张某起诉后,甲公司于2011年4月1为其办妥房屋产权证,经查,由于迟延办理房屋产权证给张某造成的实际损失为25000元,甲公司向人民法院请求降低违约金。
(4)陈某入住后发现,所购房屋套内建筑面积比合同约定的套内建筑面积缩水8%,要求与甲公司解除商品房买卖合同。
(5)甲公司将某套房屋出售给董某后,又将该房屋以30000元/平方米的价格出售给不知情的闫某,并为闫某办理了产权登记。
要求:
根据上述资料,回答下列问题。
(1)甲公司是否应当向王某承担违约责任说明理由。
(2)物业公司能否直接要求刘某缴纳物业费说明理由。
(3)刘某是否有权要求李某腾退房屋说明理由。
(4)甲公司要求降低违约金的主张是否能够得到人民法院的支持说明理由。
(5)陈某是否有权解除与甲公司的商品房买卖合同说明理由。
(6)甲公司与董某、闫某房屋买卖合同是否有效房屋所有权最终属于何人分别说明理由。

答案

参考答案:(1)甲公司应当向王某承担违约责任。根据规定,有关商品房的销售广告和宣传资料为要约邀请,对出卖人无合同上的约束力;但是,如果该广告和宣传资料就商品房开发规划范围内的房屋及相关设施所作的说明和允诺具体确定,并对合同的订立以及房屋价格的确定有重大影响的,视为要约;上述内容即使未订人合同,仍属于合同的组成部分,
当事人违反这些内容的,承担违约责任。在本题中,甲公司在销售广告中具体、明确地宣称“邀请到百年名校××实验二小同时入住”,应当视为要约,即使该内容未纳入购房合同中,也应当作为合同的组成部分,最终甲公司未能实现××实验二小同时入住,应当向王某承担违约责任。
(2)物业公司有权直接要求刘某缴纳物业费。根据规定,业主与物业的承租人、借用人或者其他物业使用人约定由物业使用人交纳物业费的,物业服务企业可以请求业主承担连带责任。
(3)刘某有权要求李某腾退房屋。根据规定,承租人未经出租人同意转租的,出租人可以解除合同。在本题中,赵某未经出租人刘某同意,擅自将房屋转租给李某,刘某有权直接解除其与赵某之间的合同,刘某和赵某之间的合同一旦解除,李某对房屋的占有为无权占有,刘某有权要求其腾退。
(4)甲公司要求降低违约金的主张可以得到人民法院的支持。根据规定,当事人约定的违约金过分高于造成的损失的,当事人可以请求人民法院或者仲裁机构予以适当减少,但是应当以违约金超过造成的损失30%为标准适当减少。在本题中,当事人约定的违约金为75万元,实际损失只有25000元,可以要求适当减少。
(5)陈某有权解除与甲公司的商品房买卖合同。根据规定,房屋套内建筑面积或者建筑面积与合同约定的面积误差比绝对值超过3%的,购房人享有法定解除权。在本题中,陈某所购房屋套内建筑面积比合同约定的套内建筑面积缩水已经超过3%,陈某可以主张解除合同。
(6)①甲公司与董某、闫某的商品房买卖合同均属于可撤销合同,在权利人行使撤销权之前,合同有效。根据规定,商品房买卖合同订立后,出卖人又将该房屋出卖给第三人,或者,故意隐瞒所售房屋已经出卖给第三人的事实,均构成欺诈;因欺诈成立的合同属于可撤销合同。②房屋所有权属于闫某。根据规定,不动产物权的设立、变更、转让和消灭,经依法登记,发生效力;未经登记,不发生效力,但法律另有规定的除外。在本题中,甲公司与闫某办理了房屋产权登记,闫某取得该房屋的所有权。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Just as the stock (股票) market rises and falls in response to what people are willing to put their money

behind, we have inside ourselves an inner economy that rises and falls in response to our beliefs about what

is possible. Sometimes the degree to which we are willing to challenge our belief systems determines the

success of our inner economy. For example, imagine that your family of origin had a belief that musical talent

was not something they possessed. As a member of that group,you would likely hold that same belief about

yourself. As a result, even if you had a great desire to create music, you might be hesitant to really get behind

yourself, fearing that your investment (投资) would not pay off. Even if you had the courage to follow your

passion, your inner belief that you are not born talented would probably be a major obstacle to investing your

energy in your dream.

     On the other hand, if you found a way to release that negative belief, a great flood of energy would pour

forth, greatly increasing the likelihood of your success. How much energy we are willing to invest in the

various ideas, dreams, and visions we carry within is like the money people are, or are not, willing to invest

in the various products available for trade on the stock market. And in both cases, belief plays a key role in

determining how willing we are to get behind something. One way to open up the possibility for greater success

in our inner economies is to understand that belief is not the reliable guide we sometimes think. There are other

more reliable things of success that we can put our faith in, such as passion,feeling,and sense. Some of the

most successful investors in the stock market are the ones that go against the grain, trusting their sense over

the common opinion held by common people about what will work.

     In the same way, we can learn to trust our heart's desires and our sense to guide us, questioning any beliefs

that stand in the way of our ability to fully invest in ourselves. As we take out energy from limiting ideas about

what is possible, we free up the resources that have the power to make our inner economy prosper.

1. We can safely conclude from the first paragraph that _____. [ ]

A. our belief is not reliable

B. belief is not so important in our success

C. belief is an obstacle to our success

D. our belief determines our success in some way

2. According to the passage, if a family of origin has passion for literature, the members of the family will

    probably _____. [ ]

A. write poems

B. hate literature

C. enter the field of literature

D. teach literature

3. We can put our faith in the following things of success except _____. [ ]

A. passion

B. feeling

C. sense

D. stock market

4. The purpose of the author is _____. [ ]

A. to teach us a lesson

B. to give us some useful suggestions

C. to encourage us to invest in the stock market

D. to tell us common people have negative beliefs

单项选择题