问题 探究题

甲、乙两位同学分别对“物体的浮沉条件”进行了探究。

(1)甲同学的探究方案

实验器材:弹簧测力计(量程0~5N,分度值0.2N)、天平(带砝码盒)、量筒及水、蜡块(10g左右)

 探究问题:蜡块的上浮条件。

实验过程:

①首先测量蜡块的重力:

方案一是用弹簧测力计直接测出蜡块的重力;

方案二是用天平测出蜡块的质量,再求出重力。

你支持方案__________,理由是_______________________________________。

②测量蜡块受到的浮力:量筒中放入适量的水,把蜡块放在水中浮在水面时,测出蜡块排开水的体积,用阿基米德原理求出浮力。你认为上述操作存在的问题是_______________________________________。 ③通过比较蜡块的重力和受到的浮力,可知物体上浮的条件。

(2)乙同学的探究方案

实验器材:装有水的大烧杯、蜡块、铁钉(见图)。

探究问题:蜡块的下沉条件。

实验过程:把蜡块浸没在水中,松手后,发现蜡块要上浮直至漂浮在水面。为了使浸没在水中的蜡块会下沉,设计了两种实验方案。

方案一:将一根铁钉全部插入蜡块中,然后将蜡块浸没在水中松手,发现蜡块沉入水底。

方案二:用同样的铁钉,但只将其部分插入蜡块中,将蜡块浸没在水中松手,发现蜡块也沉入水底。

①从物体受力的角度看,在蜡块中插入铁钉是为了改变__________ 的大小。

②能够得到的实验结论是:_________________________________________________________________。 ③虽然两种方案的实验结果基本一致,但老师认为方案一更科学。你认为老师这样评价的主要理由是__________________________________________________________________________________________ 。

答案

(1)

①二;因为弹簧秤的分度值大于蜡块的重力。

②蜡块没有浸没在水中。

(2)

①重力。

②物体的重力大于浮力时,物体下沉。

③方案一是在改变物体重力的同时,控制了浮力不变这一条件。(只要有浮力不变的思想均可)

单项选择题
单项选择题

Time spent in a bookshop can be most enjoyable, whether you are a book-lover or merely there to buy a book as a present. You may even have entered the shop just to find shelter from a sudden shower. But the desire to pick up a book with an attractive dust-jacket is irresistible. You soon become absorbed in some book or other, and usually it is only much later that you realize that you have spent far too much time there.

This opportunity to escape the realities of everyday life is, I think, the main attraction of a bookshop. There are not many places where it is possible to do this. A music shop is very much like a bookshop. You can wander round such places to your heart’s content. If it is a good shop, no assistant will approach you with the inevitable greeting: "Can I help you, sir" You needn’t buy anything you don’t want. In a bookshop an assistant should remain in the background until you have finished browsing. Then, and only then, are his services necessary.

You have to be careful not to be attracted by the variety of books in a bookshop. It is very easy to enter the shop looking for a book on, say, ancient coins and to come out carrying a copy of the latest best-selling novel and perhaps a book about brass-rubbing -- something which had only vaguely interested you up till then. This volume on the subject, however, happened to be so well illustrated and the part of the text you read proved so interesting that you just had to buy it. This sort of thing can be very dangerous. Booksellers must be both long suffering and indulgent.

There is a story which wei1 illustrates this. A medical student had to read a textbook which was far too expensive for him to buy. He couldn’t obtain it from the library and the only copy he could find was in his bookshop. Every afternoon, therefore, he would go along to the shop and read a little of the book at a time. One day, however, he was dismayed to find the book missing from its usual place and about to leave when he noticed the owner of the shop beckoning to him. Expecting to be reproached, he went toward him. To his surprise, the owner pointed to the book, which was tucked away in a corner. "I put it there in case anyone was tempted to buy it," he said, and left the delighted student to continue his reading.

You may spend too much time in a bookshop because()

A. the dust-jackets are very attractive

B. you start reading one of the books

C. it is raining outside

D. you have to make sure you don’t buy a dull book as a present