问题 问答题

NH3在催化剂存在时能还原NOx为N2和H2O,这是目前国外硝酸厂进行尾气治理所普遍采用的一种方法.下图是某校化学兴趣小组设计的模拟氨气还原NO的装置. 

回答下列问题:

(1)若制取氨气用A装置,则发生反应的化学方程式为______.若用B装置制取氨气,则分液漏斗和锥形瓶中盛放的药品分别是______.

(2)若制取NO用图C装置,则制取NO的离子方程式为______,用可抽动的铜丝其优点是______.

(3)装置⑦的作用可能是______.

(4)活性亚铬酸铜(可写成xCuO•yCr2O3的形式,x、y为正整数)是氨气还原NO催化剂.已知CuNH4(OH)CrO4在295℃分解生成活性亚铬酸铜催化剂、一种无毒气体及水,写出该反应的化学方程式______.

(5)若进入装置⑤的NO共2688mL(已折算为标准状况,下同),氨气过量,最后收集到标准状况下2016mL N2,则NO的转化率为______.

答案

(1)在加热条件下,实验室常用氯化铵和氢氧化钙反应制备氨气,同时生产氯化钙和水,方程式为2

NH4Cl+Ca(OH)2

  △  
.
 
CaCl2+2NH3↑+2H2O,实验室制备少量氨气时可根据氨水的易挥发性和氧化钙的吸水性来制取,

故答案为:2NH4Cl+Ca(OH)2

  △  
.
 
CaCl2+2NH3↑+2H2O;浓氨水、碱石灰;

(2)铜和稀硝酸反应生产硝酸铜和一氧化氮,离子方程式为3Cu+8H++2NO3-=3Cu2++2NO↑+4H2O,用可抽动的铜丝易于控制反应,操作方便并能节约药品,

故答案为:3Cu+8H++2NO3-=3Cu2++2NO↑+4H2O;反应可以随时关停、操作方便、反复使用、节约药品;

(3)一氧化氮与二价铁形成配位键,溶液中淡绿色的二价铁变成棕色的一氧化氮配合物,反应为Fe2++NO=Fe(NO)2+,故答案为:吸收未反应的NO;

(4)CuNH4(OH)CrO4在295℃分解生成活性亚铬酸铜催化剂、一种无毒气体及水,产物中无毒气体为氮气,反应方程式为2Cu(OH)NH4CrO4

  △  
.
 
Cr2O3•2CuO+N2↑+5H2O,

故答案为:2Cu(OH)NH4CrO4

  △  
.
 
Cr2O3•2CuO+N2↑+5H2O;

(5)根据反应6NO+4NH3═5N2+6H2O计算,在一定条件下气体的体积之比等于物质的量之比,

         6NO+4NH3═5N2+6H2O

         6ml       5ml

         V         2016ml

V=

2016ml×6ml
5ml
=2419.2ml,则NO的转化率为
2419.2
2688
×100%
=90%,

故答案为:90%.

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     On May 12, 2008, an earthquake of 8 magnitude struck Sichuan. Everyone in China was shocked, and

quickly became heartbroken as reported deaths climbed from 10,000 to 32,000 to more than 62,000 people.

The death toll is still rising, and the number of injured and missing is many times more.

     The Chinese people faced this disaster with compassion (同情) and courage. I was touched by the teacher

who died forming a bridge with his body between two desks, protecting four surviving students under him,

by the trapped child who told the rescue workers to save others first, and by the dying mother who texted her

baby, "My Treasure: If you survive, always remember I love you." She died using her own body to protect

her 3-month-old from harm. But don't worry about this baby growing up without a family. Thousands of

families in China have already volunteered to adopt earthquake orphans. And the Chinese people faced this

 disaster with resourcefulness (智慧) and tenacity (坚韧). A brave CEO took his weekend SUV, drove

hundreds of miles, started digging, and saved several lives. A child used his hands to dig out two fellow

students. His hands were severely injured, but his friends survived. Cab drivers turned their cars into

ambulances and delivery trucks. More than 100,000 brave soldiers risked (and some gave) their lives to find

every survivor.

     These are the heroes among us, whether they use an SUV, a shovel or a phone. Their heroic deeds and

selflessness inspired me so deeply that I can recall only one other such occasion. It was 9/11-I vividly

remember the police officers, the firefighters, and of course the passengers and crew on United Flight 93.

     As a Chinese American, I hope that the Chinese and the Americans will see that they have so much in

common-their compassion, courage, and generosity. I hope that people will see that these heroic commonalities

are much stronger than any differences. And I hope that these heroes from 9/11 and 5/12 will inspire all of us

to turn our anxiety into courage, our misery into tenacity, and our sorrow into love.

1. The second and the third paragraphs mainly tell us about ______.

A. how severe the earthquake was

B. how much victims were in need of help

C. some heroic deeds of the Chinese in the earthquake

D. lucky survivors in the earthquake

2. The author compares the 5/12 earthquake to 9/11 attacks because ______. 

A. they were both natural disasters

B. both Americans and Chinese were brave and full of compassion in emergencies

C. he is a Chinese American D. both killed a large number of people

3. The main purpose of the essay is to _______.

A. encourage a better understanding of the two peoples

B. suggest how important courage is in time of crisis

C. provide some useful advice for rescue work

D. present the important similarities as well as the differences between the two people

填空题