问题 问答题

有A、B、C、D、E五种短周期元素,其中A元素和B元素的原子都有一个未成对电子,A+比B-少一个电子层,B原子得一个电子后3p轨道全充满;C原子的p轨道中有3个未成对电子,其气态氢化物在水中的溶解度在同族元素所形成的氢化物中最大;D的最高化合价与最低化合价代数和为4;E元素的基态原子核外有六种运动状态的电子.请回答下列问题:

(1)A元素的简单离子基态时的电子排布式为______R是由C元素与氢元素两种元素形成的18电子分子,R的电子式为______

(2)CB3分子的空间构型是______,其中心原子的杂化类型是______

(3)由D、E、C三元素可形成共价化合物(DEC)2(分子中各原子均达8电子稳定结构),每个分子中含______个δ键.

(4)E的一种低价氧化物与充入二氧化碳的空气和熔融碳酸钾可构成燃料电池.则该燃料电池的负极反应为______ 正极反应为______

(5)1.2gE的单质在标准状况下的1.68L氧气中燃烧,至反应物耗尽,放出X KJ热量.则1molE与O2反应生成E的低价氧化物时的热化学方程式为______ (已知:E的燃烧热为Y KJ/mol)

答案

有A、B、C、D、E五种短周期元素,B原子得一个电子填入3p轨道后,3p轨道已充满,B为Cl元素;B-离子为Cl-离子,A+比B-少一个电子层,A+为Na+离子,A为Na元素;C原子的p轨道中有3个未成对电子,C原子的外围电子排布为ns2np3,是第ⅤA族元素,其气态氢化物在水中的溶解度在同族元素所形成的氢化物中最大,所以为N元素;D的最高化合价和最低化合价的代数和为4,为第ⅥA族元素,故D为S元素,E元素的基态原子核外有六种运动状态的电子,即核外电子数为6,故E为C元素,

(1)A元素的简单离子为Na+,基态时的电子排布式为1s22s22p6

R是由N元素与氢元素两种元素形成的18电子分子,R为N2H4,电子式为

故答案为:1s22s22p6

(2)CB3分子为NCl3,分子中N原子成3个N-Cl键,含有1对孤对电子,杂化轨道数目为4,为三角锥型,N原子采取sp3杂化,

故答案为:三角锥型;sp3

(3)D、E、C三元素形成共价化合物为(SCN)2,分子中各原子均达8电子稳定结构,结构简式为N≡C-S-S-C≡N,

故每个分子中含5个δ键,故答案为:5;

(4)E的一种低价氧化物CO与充入二氧化碳的空气和熔融碳酸钾可构成燃料电池,原电池负极发生氧化反应,CO在负极通入,CO被氧化,在熔融碳酸钾中生成CO2,电极反应式为:CO+CO32--2e-=2CO2,正极发生还原反应,氧气再正极通入,二氧化碳参与的反应生成CO32-,电极反应式为:O2+2CO2+4e-=2CO32-

故答案为:CO+CO32--2e-=2CO2;O2+2CO2+4e-=2CO32-

(5)1.2g碳的物质的量为

1.2g
12g/mol
=0.1mol,标准状况下的1.68L氧气的物质的量为
1.68L
22.4L/mol
=0.075mol,所以n(C):n(O)=0.1mol:0.075mol×2=1:1.5,故燃烧生成物为CO、CO2,令CO、CO2的物质的量分别为xmol、ymol,根据C原子守恒有x+y=0.1,根据O原子守恒有x+2y=0.075×2,联立方程,解得x=0.05,y=0.05,碳的燃烧热为Y KJ/mol,故生成0.05molCO2放出的热量为0.05mol×Y kJ/mol=0.05YkJ,故生成0.05molCO放出的热量为X kJ-0.05YkJ=(X-0.05Y)kJ,故1mol碳燃烧生成CO放出的热量为(X-0.05Y)kJ×
1mol
0.05mol
=(20X-Y)kJ,故1mol碳与O2反应生成CO时的热化学方程式为:C(s)+
1
2
O2(g)=CO(g)△H=-(20X-Y)kJ/mol,

故答案为:C(s)+

1
2
O2(g)=CO(g)△H=-(20X-Y)kJ/mol.

综合题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

     A taxi driver taught me a million dollar lesson in customer satisfaction and expectation. Inspiring speakers

charge thousands of dollars to give his kind of training to corporate directors and staff. It cost me only a $12

taxi ride.

     I had flown into Dallas just for the purpose of calling on a client. Time was important and my plan included

a quick turn-around trip from and back to the airport. A clean taxi pulled up.

     The driver rushed to open the passenger door for me and made sure I was comfortably seated before he

closed the door. As we got in the driver's seat, he mentioned that the neatly folded Wall Street Journal next to

me for my use. He then showed me several tapes and asked me what type of music I would enjoy.

     Well! I looked around for a "Candid Camera!" Wouldn't you? I could not believe the service I was receiving!

I took the opportunity to say, "Obviously you take great pride in you work. You must have a story to tell."

     "You bet," he replied,"I used to be in Corporate America. But I got tired of thinking my best would never be

good enough. I decided to find my right position in life, somewhere I could feel proud of being the best I could

be.

     I knew I would never be a rocket scientist, but I love driving cars, being of service and feeling like I have

done a full day's work and done it well. I evaluated my personal property and, I became a taxi driver!

     One thing I know for sure, to be good in my business I just have to meet the expectations of my passengers.

But, to be GREAT in my business, I have to EXEED the customer's expectations! I like the sound of being

'great' better than just being 'average'.

     Did I tip him big time? You bet!

     The taxi driver taught me a great life lesson: Go an extra mile when providing any service to others. And

there is no good or bad job you can make any job good.

1. What lesson did the author learn from the taxi driver? 

A. How to make the best use of time.

B. How to do better in the service business.

C. How to turn an interest into your career.

D. How to become a motivational speaker.

2. Why did the author look around for a "Candid Camera"?

A. Because he was afraid he would be photographed in the cab.

B. Because he was worried what the driver could be up to.

C. Because he was amazed by the way the driver was treating him.

D. Because he wasn't interested in the tapes offered by the driver.

3. It can be inferred from the story that _____.

A. the taxi driver couldn't accept just being average

B. the author was anxious to get back to meet a client

C. when the author waited for a taxi at the airport, he was not in a rush

D. the taxi driver loved to play his favorite music during rides

4. According to the story, the taxi driver _____.

A. was dissatisfied wit his present job

B. was once often rewarded for being a model worker

C. enjoyed offering his customers more than they expected

D. was forced to become a taxi driver to support his family