问题 单项选择题 案例分析题

患者男,48岁。主诉:腹痛、腹泻8个月,加重1周。8个月来患者常感脐周或右下腹痛,伴间歇腹泻,粪便呈糊状,无脓血,近1周腹泻次数增加,每日10余次,伴有发热,体温38.7℃。自病以来患者无夜间盗汗,无咳嗽咳痰,无恶心呕吐,经常有口腔多发溃疡,饮食睡眠一般,体重下降约1.5kg。既往否认“肝炎、结核”等传染病史。有长期吸烟饮酒史。查体:腹平软,未触及包块,右下腹有压痛,无反跳痛及肌紧张,肝区无叩痛,胆囊点无压痛,移动性浊音阴性,肠鸣音正常。

该患者肠镜结果显示:回肠末端及盲肠有多段肠曲肠腔狭窄,病变黏膜见纵行溃疡,鹅卵石样改变,病变之间黏膜正常。回肠末端病变黏膜组织活检见非干酪性肉芽肿。PPD试验阴性。外周血WBC10×109/L,HGB107g/L。该患者目前最可能诊断为()。

A.克罗恩病

B.肠结核

C.肠癌

D.细菌性痢疾

E.溃疡性结肠炎

F.小肠淋巴瘤

答案

参考答案:A

解析:

2.患者入院后为明确诊断应首选结肠镜检查,可以直接观察结肠及回肠末端黏膜改变,而且可取活组织检查。胃肠钡剂造影可观察全胃肠道,显示肠壁及肠壁外病变,故可与结肠镜互补,特别是在小肠病变的性质、部位和范围的确定上仍然是目前最为常用的方法。结合该患者病史及体征,尚不能除外肠结核,需完善PPD试验及便结核菌培养以鉴别。

4.研究显示吸烟与克罗恩病发病相关,因此必须戒烟。该患者腹泻每日10余次,伴有发热,血白细胞明显增高,需对症止泻及抗生素抗炎治疗。为控制病情活动,可给予糖皮质激素联合5-氨基水杨酸口服治疗,对于病变未累及直肠乙状结肠者,灌肠治疗效果欠佳。该患者无肠梗阻及大出血等表现,目前无手术适应证。

填空题

Of all the employed workers in the United States, 12.5 million are part of a temporary workforce. The United States Bureau of Labor Statistics counts 9.2 percent of workers as those who have______(1) they term "alternative employment arrangements." The government predicts that temporary staffing agencies______(2) experience growth of 49 percent by 2010. If numbers increase at the rate ______ (3), these companies will add 1.9 million new jobs by 2010. That’’s more than any______(4) industry.Temporary workers were the first ones to be affected by the recent economic recession, but they are______(5) to be the first to regain positions as the economy picks up and companies work to rebuild. Employers use temporary workers as a resource because_______(6) offer flexibility and come at a low cost. Many temporaries are categorized as "independent contractors" instead of employees,______(7) allows the employer to avoid______(8) certain taxes. Because they are not required to offer benefits to temporary workers, companies can save a great deal of money by hiring temps. Usually, temporary workers can qualify_______(9) benefits if they work for a staffing company for a certain length of time. Most temps, however, do not continue with one company long______(10) to qualify for them because they regard the position as a step on the ladder to a______(11) position later.According to Richard Wahlquist, president of the American Staffing Association, 75_______(12) of temporary workers hope for transition out of the temporary staffing category______(13) a period of time. Wahlquist finds that temporary workers spend about 11 weeks on various assignments before their______(14) out of the temporary workforce. Many use temporary positions to gain experience and skills______(15) they move on to better jobs. Wahlquist says that the temp workforce as a whole turns______(16) 400 percent each year.Tom Dilworth, research director at the Employment Policies Institute, explains______(17) some workers like having temporary jobs______(18) it affords them a great deal of elasticity with time and everything. Some temps only have a limited______(19) of time to work and temp agencies can help coordinate jobs to fit their schedules. Other sometimes-employees use temporary jobs to get an______(20) to a company from the inside, to get a foot in the door of a certain business or career._______(21) others take temporary positions in hopes their employers will change them over to permanent positions eventually.Nearly all the industries in the United States use temporary workers.______(22) to Tim Costello, coordinator of the North American Alliance for Fair Employment, the growth of temporary labor threatens______(23) job security of permanent workers who fear replacement, as well as the temps who are more accustomed to turnover. He predicts that there will continue to______(24) a gradual shift from permanent employees to contingent staffing, and that such a_____(25) in workplace demographics will "lead to lower wages, poorer working conditions, and more instability."

单项选择题