问题 问答题

A.(选修模块3-3)

(1)下列说法中正确的是______

A.液体表面层分子间距离大于液体内部分子间距离,液体表面存在张力

B.扩散运动就是布朗运动

C.蔗糖受潮后会粘在一起,没有确定的几何形状,它是非晶体

D.对任何一类与热现象有关的宏观自然过程进行方向的说明,都可以作为热力学第二定律的表述

(2)将1ml的纯油酸加到500ml的酒精中,待均匀溶解后,用滴管取1ml油酸酒精溶液,让其自然滴出,共200滴.现在让其中一滴落到盛水的浅盘内,待油膜充分展开后,测得油膜的面积为200cm2,则估算油酸分子的大小是______m(保留一位有效数字).

(3)如图所示,一直立的汽缸用一质量为m的活塞封闭一定量的理想气体,活塞横截面积为S,汽缸内壁光滑且缸壁是导热的,开始活塞被固定,打开固定螺栓K,活塞下落,经过足够长时间后,活塞停在B点,已知AB=h,大气压强为p0,重力加速度为g.

①求活塞停在B点时缸内封闭气体的压强;

②设周围环境温度保持不变,求整个过程中通过缸壁传递的热量Q(一定量理想气体的内能仅由温度决定).

答案

(1)A、液体表面层分子间距离大于液体内部分子间距离,分子间存在相互作用吸引力,从而产生表面张力.故A正确;

B、布朗运动是悬浮在液体中的颗粒做的无规则运动,是液体分子无规则运动的间接反映.而扩散运动是分子运动的直接反映.故B错误;

C、蔗糖受潮后会粘在一起,没有确定的几何形状,它是多晶体,故C错误;

D、对任何一类与热现象有关的宏观自然过程进行方向的说明,都可以作为热力学第二定律的表述,故D正确;

故选AD;

(2)根据题意,一滴油酸酒精溶液含有的油酸体积为:V=

1
200
×
1
500
=1×10-5ml,

所以油酸分子的大小:d=

V
S
=
1×10-5
200
=5×10-8cm=5×1010m,

故答案为:5×10-10

(3)①活塞处于平衡状态有:P0s+mg=Ps,所以被封闭气体压强为:P=P0+

mg
S

故答案为:P=P0+

mg
S

②被封闭气体体积缩小,外界对气体做功为:W=(P0s+mg)h,由于气体温度不变,因此内能不变,根据△U=W+Q可知,气体对外传递热量好外界对气体做功相等.

故答案为:W=(P0s+mg)h.

完形填空
完形填空
The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams.
                                                                                                       -Eleanor Roosevelt
     My home is a place of great beauty and agricultural richness, as well as of war and natural disasters.
When I was only fourteen years old, I was filled with__1__in spite of the terrible surroundings.The
families living here, who tried to make their living from the land, __2__great losses.
     I felt sorry especially for the__3__, but I__4__to be hopeless.I decided that where I was, I could
do__5__to help them.I began knocking on every door and saying to each person who__6__my knock,
"I know that you are__7__and give the birds that come to your yard a little__8__.Please consider me
your bird.Give me only a handful of rice each week when I come to your__9__.I will take it to the
temple where it can be given to the__10__children."
      No one seemed to__11__giving me a handful of rice, even__12__they had little themselves.On
Sunday, I would go to the__13__and give my handfuls of rice to the monks to__14__to the children.
      One day, I came to a house that had__15__to give.I told my story and asked if I could be their bird.
The woman called her daughters, and__16__gave me fifty cents, as well as the handful of rice!I began to
ask for__17__and rice from the other "bird feeders", and they gave them to me.Everyone was happy to
be helping those who were suffering, even__18__only this small way.The temple was soon able to help
everyone who came to them for food and clothing.
     "Consider me your bird." My__19__idea had not stopped the war, but anyway, it was__20__some
peace.
( )1. A. sorrow        
( )2. A. suffered      
( )3. A. peasants      
( )4. A. wanted        
( )5. A. something      
( )6. A. said          
( )7. A. glad          
( )8. A. water        
( )9. A. temple        
( )10. A. brave        
( )11. A. mind        
( )12. A. where      
( )13. A. village      
( )14. A. give in      
( )15. A. much      
( )16. A. every      
( )17. A. help        
( )18. A. by        
( )19. A. foolish      
( )20. A. creating    
B. hope        
B. survived    
B. citizens    
B. failed      
B. everything  
B. replied      
B. kind        
B. money        
B. room        
B. hungry      
B. escape      
B. that        
B. hometown    
B. give up      
B. little      
B. each        
B. clothing    
B. with        
B. childish    
B. mending      
C. comfort    
C. covered    
C. villagers  
C. refused    
C. anything    
C. answered    
C. rich        
C. nest        
C. door        
C. promising  
C. practice    
C. so          
C. temple      
C. give away  
C. many        
C. neither    
C. food        
C. on          
C. clever      
C. developing  
D. happiness  
D. made        
D. children    
D. stopped    
D. nothing    
D. spoke      
D. friendly    
D. rice        
D. garden      
D. nervous    
D. enjoy      
D. when        
D. house      
D. give out    
D. few        
D. none        
D. change      
D. in          
D. useful      
D. managing    
填空题