问题 阅读理解

Fish Ears Tell Fish Tales

  Fish have ears. Really. They’re quite small and have no opening to the outside world carrying sound through the body. For the past seven years, Simon Thorrold, a university professor, has been examining fish ears, small round ear bones called otoliths (耳石).

  As fish grow, so do their otoliths. Each day, their otoliths gain a ring of calcium carbonate (碳酸钙). By looking through a microscope and counting these rings, Thorrold can determine the exact age of a young fish. As a fish gets older, its otoliths no longer get daily rings. Instead, they get yearly rings, which can also be counted, giving information about the fish’s age, just like the growth rings of a tree.

  Ring counting is nothing new to fish scientists. But Thorrold has turned to a new direction. They’re examining the chemical elements (元素) of each otolith ring.

  The daily ring gives us the time, but chemistry tells us about the environment in which the fish swam on any given day. These elements tell us about the chemistry of the water that the fish was in. It also says something about water temperature, which determines how much of these elements will gather within each otolith ring.

  Thorrold can tell, for example, if a fish spent time in the open ocean before entering the less salty water of coastal areas. He can basically tell where fish are spending their time at any given stage of history.

  In the case of the Atlantic croaker, a popular saltwater food fish, Thorrold and his assistant have successfully followed the travelling of young fish from mid-ocean to the coast, a journey of many hundreds of miles.

  This is important to managers in the fish industry, who know nearly nothing about the whereabouts of the young fish for most food fish in the ocean. Eager to learn about his technology, fish scientists are now lending Thorrold their ears.

小题1:What can we learn about fish ears from the text?

A.They are small soft rings.

B.They are not seen from the outside.

C.They are openings only on food fish.

D.They are not used to receive sound.小题2:Why does the writer compare the fish to trees?

A.Trees gain a growth ring each day.

B.Trees also have otoliths.

C.Their growth rings are very small.

D.They both have growth rings.小题3:Why is it important to study the chemistry of otolith rings?

A.The elements of the otoliths can tell the history of the sea.

B.Chemical contents of otoliths can tell how fast fish can swim.

C.We can know more about fish and their living environment.

D.Scientists can know exactly how old a fish is.小题4:How would you understand “fish scientists are now lending their ears”?

A.They are very interested in Thorrold’s research findings.

B.They want to know where they can find fish.

C.They lend their fish for chemical studies.

D.They wonder if Thorrold can find growth rings from their ears.

答案

小题1:B

小题1:D

小题1:C

小题1:A

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文言文,完成后面题。

隽不疑字曼倩,渤海人也。治《春秋》,为郡文学,进退必以礼,名闻州郡。

武帝末,郡国盗贼群起,暴胜之为直指使者,衣绣衣,持斧,逐捕盗贼,督课郡国,东至海,以军兴诛不从命者,威振州郡。胜之素闻不疑贤,至勃海,遣吏请与相见。不疑冠进贤冠,带櫑具剑,佩环玦,褒衣博带,盛服至门上谒。门下欲使解剑,不疑曰:“剑者,君子武备,所以卫身,不可解。请退。”吏白胜之。胜之开阁延请,望见不疑容貌尊严,衣冠甚伟,胜之徒履起迎。登堂坐定,不疑据地曰:“窃伏海濒,闻暴公子威名旧矣,今乃承颜接辞。凡为吏,太刚则折,太柔则废,威行施之以恩,然后树功扬名,永终天禄。”胜之知不疑非庸人,敬纳其戒,深接以礼意,问当世所施行。门下诸从事皆州郡选吏,侧听不疑,莫不惊骇。至昏夜,罢去。胜之遂表荐不疑,征诣公车,拜为青州刺史。

久之,武帝崩,昭帝即位,而齐孝王孙刘泽交结郡国豪杰谋反,欲先杀青州刺史。不疑发觉,收捕,皆伏其辜。擢为京兆尹,赐钱百万。京师吏民敬其威信。每行县录囚徒还,其母辄问不疑;“有所平反,活几何人?”即不疑多有所平反,母喜笑,为饮食语言异于他时;或亡所出,母怒,为之不食。故不疑为吏,严而不残。

始元五年,有一男子乘黄犊车,建黄旐,衣黄襜褕‚,著黄冒,诣北阙,自谓卫太子。公车以闻,诏使公卿、 * * 中二千石杂识视。长安中吏民聚观者数万人。右 * * 勒兵阙下,以备非常。丞相御史中二千石至者立并莫敢发言。京兆尹不疑后到,叱从吏收缚。或曰:“是非未可知,且安之。”不疑曰:“诸君何患于卫太子!昔蒯聩违命出奔,辄距而不纳,《春秋》是之。卫太子得罪先帝,亡不即死,令来自诣,此罪人也。”连送诏狱。

天子与大 * * 霍光闻而嘉之,曰:“公卿大臣当用经术明于大谊。”由是名声重于朝廷,在位者皆自以不及也。大 * * 光欲以女妻之,不疑固辞,不肯当。久之,以病免.终于家。

(选自《汉书·卷七十一》)

【注】旐(zhào):上面画着龟蛇的旗子。②襜褕(chānyú):古代一种较长的单衣。

小题1:对下列句子中加点的词的解释不正确的一项是(3分)

A.逐捕盗贼,督课郡国课:考核

B.收捕,皆伏其辜辜:罪过

C.昔蒯聩违命出奔,辄距而不纳纳;采纳

D.公卿大臣当用经术明于大谊明:通晓小题2:以下各组句子中能表现隽不疑谙于“刚柔之道”的一组是(3分)

①剑者,君子武备,所以卫身,不可解    ②以军兴诛不从命者,威振州郡

③不疑为吏,严而不残                  ④州郡选吏,侧听不疑,莫不惊骇

⑤京兆尹不疑后到,叱从史收缚          ⑥在位者皆自以不及也

A.①③⑤

B.①④⑥

C.②④④

D.②⑤⑥小题3:下列对原文有关内容的理解和分析不正确的一项是(3分)

A.隽不疑拜见暴胜之时,举止高雅从容,谈吐不凡,使暴胜之深感敬佩,恭敬地采纳了他的告诫。

B.隽不疑做京兆尹时,审理属县案件多有平反,这也与他的母亲有关。囚犯中如果没有能够被释放的,他的母亲就会很生气,并因此不吃饭。

C.因为卫太子获罪于先帝,逃跑在外而不接受死刑,而如今才来到皇城自首,所以隽不疑认为他有罪,命人当场拘捕。

D.隽不疑处理大事的才能在朝廷中很受官员们的钦佩,官员们都觉得赶不上他,大 * * 霍光想把自己的女儿嫁给隽不疑,他坚决推辞,不肯接受。小题4:把文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。(10分)

(1)凡为吏,太刚则折,太柔则废,威行施之以恩,然后树功扬名,永终天禄。

译文:___________________________________________________________________

(2)长安中吏民聚观者数万人。右 * * 勒兵明下,以备非常。

译文:___________________________________________________________________

单项选择题