问题 名词解释

大衍义

答案

参考答案:

三国魏王弼对《易•系辞上》“大衍之数五十,其用四十有九”一语的解释和发挥。原意指演卦的方法。王弼则释为:“演天地之数,所赖者五十也。其用四十有九,则其一不用也。不用而用以之通,非数而数以之成,斯易之太极也。四十有九,数之极也。夫无不可以无明,必因于有。故常于有物之极,而必明其所由之宗也。”用一象征世界本体无,用四十有九象征天地万物,以此来阐释“以无为体,以有为用”的思想。

单项选择题

The Chinese of 3,500 years ago believed that the earth was a chariot, and the sky like a curved canopy stretched above it. The canopy was nine layers thick, and it sloped slightly to the northwest, as a cataclysm had broken one of its supporting columns. This gentle slope explained the movement of the stars from east to west.

Ancient Chinese astronomy could be accurately described as _________.
A. entirely religious in nature B. based on legendary figures
C. advantages in some areas D. completely unsuccessful

According to these ancient Chinese beliefs, the sun spent the night on earth and ascended to the sky each morning from the luminous valley of the east by climbing the branches of an immensely tall sacred tree. To the Chinese people, the sun was the incarnation of goodness, beauty, and truth. In popular imagination, the sun was represented as a cock that little by little assumed human form. His battles with the dragons, which personified evil in their beliefs, accounted for the momentary disappearances of the sun that men now call eclipses. Many of the Chinese people worshiped the sun, but in the vast and complicated organization of the Chinese gods, the sun was of only secondary importance.Along with these unsophisticated beliefs about the sun, the Chinese evolved a science of astronomy based upon observation——though essentially religious——which enabled them to predict eclipses of the sun and the movements of the stars. Such predictions were based on calculations made by using a gnomon——an object whose shadow could be used as a measure, as with a sundial or simpler shadow pointers. Moreover, with the naked eye, the Chinese observed sunspot, a phenomenon not then known to their contemporaries.

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