问题 填空题

用图示装置制取PCl3,在E中放入足量白磷,将氯气不间断地通入E,氯气与白磷就会发生反应,并放出热量(温度高于75℃).已知:PCl3和PCl5遇水强烈反应,它们熔沸点数据如下:

熔点沸点
PCl3-112℃75℃
PCl5148℃200℃
请根据图中装置回答下列问题:

(1)检查该装置气密性的方法是______.

(2)为得到氯气,若B中加入MnO2,则A中应加入______,发生反应的化学方程式为______.

(3)若发现C中气泡产生过猛,需要进行的操作的关键是______.

(4)在反应开始时主要生成PCl3,而后来主要生成PCl5,原因可能是______;从PCl3和PCl5的混合物中分离也PCl3的最佳方法是______(选填序号).

a.蒸馏b.分液c.升华

(5)生成的PCl3在G中收集,则F中盛有______,作用是______

(6)C、D、H所盛的试剂分别是:C______;D______;H______.

(7)如果E中反应放热较多,G处的导管可能发生堵塞,其原因是______.

答案

(1)检查整套装置的气密性,首先要密闭装置,H接一导管放入水槽,将H浸入水中,然后微热圆底烧瓶B,在其他各盛液体的仪器中观察是否有气泡,然后停止加热,过一会儿看H的导管中会倒吸形成一段水柱,说明气密性良好.

故答案为:H接一导管放入水槽,然后微热圆底烧瓶B,若导管口产生气泡,撤灯后导管中形成水柱,说明装置气密性良好.

(2)实验室制Cl2的方法是在加热条件下MnO2与浓盐酸反应,A中应加入浓盐酸,反应方程式为MnO2 +4HCl(浓)

 △ 
.
 
MnCl2+Cl2↑+2H2O.

故答案为:浓盐酸;MnO2 +4HCl(浓)

 △ 
.
 
MnCl2+Cl2↑+2H2O.

(3)C中产生气泡过猛,说明反应产生的Cl2太快,需要调节浓盐酸的加入速度.

故答案为:用分液漏斗控制滴加液体的量或滴加速率.

(4)反应开始时P较多,此时产生PCl3,随着反应进行,Cl2逐渐过量,会将PCl3氧化成PCl5,所以后期主要产生PCl5

虽然PCl3是液态,而PCl5是固态,但在加热时都是温度超过75℃,此时PCl3是气态,而PCl5是液态,可以蒸馏分开.

故答案为:P过量生成三氯化磷,氯气过量生成五氯化磷;a.

(5)气态的PCl3到G中要液化生成液态,F装置起到降温作用,所以F中要加入冷水.

故答案为:冷水,使得三氯化磷液化.

(6)从B装置产生的Cl2中混有HCl,先通过饱和食盐水除去,然后通入浓硫酸干燥,在E装置中P和Cl2发生反应,G中收集PCl3,H是防止空气中水蒸气进入G,使PCl3水解.

故答案为:饱和食盐水;浓硫酸;碱石灰.

(7)如果E中放热多,PCl5也可能汽化,在导管中易凝华而堵塞导气管.

故答案为:五氯化磷蒸汽冷却后变成固体.

阅读理解

根据短文内容,判断下列句子的正误,正确的用“T”,错误的用“F”。

          There was something wrong with Mrs Black's skin that always gave her a lot of of trouble. So one day

she went to see her doctor. But he could not find anything wrong with her. Then he sent her to the hospital for

tests. And soon the hospital sent the results of the tests to Mrs Black's doctor.

          The next morning, the doctor telephoned her to give her a list of things that he thought she should not

eat, as any of them might be the cause of her skin trouble. Mrs Black carefully wrote down all the things on a

piece of paper. Then she left it beside the telephone and went out to a ladies' meeting. Two hours later she got

back home. And she found her husband was waiting for her. There was a big basket full of packages (包)

beside him. When he saw her, he said, "Hi, dear. I have done all your shopping for you." "Done all my

shopping?" she asked in surprise, "But how did you know what I wanted?" "Well, when I got home, I found

your shopping list beside the telephone," answered her husband. "So I went to the shops and bought all the

things you had written down." "Oh, my dear! You have bought all the things the doctor did not let me eat," said

Mrs Black. 

( ) 1. Mrs Black was having a lot of trouble with her skin.

(     ) 2. After he got the results of the tests, Mrs Black's doctor said that she should do more exercises.

(     ) 3. After she answered telephoned, she went to the shops to buy some fruit.

( ) 4. When Mrs Black got home, her husband had done all housework for her.

( ) 5. Mr Black bought all the things that the doctor didn't let Mrs Black eat.

判断题