问题 问答题

(物质结构)下表是元素周期表的一部分,表中所列的字母分别代表一种化学元素.请根据上表回答下列问题:

(1)G元素基态原子的电子排布式为______,其气态氢化物易液化,其原因是______.

(2)XR2中,X原子的轨道杂化类型为______,化合物ER2的熔点较XR2低,其原因是______.

(3)E、G、R三种元素的第一电离能由大到小的顺序是______(用元素符号填空).

(4)由A、E、G、R四种元素所形成的微粒中互为等电子体的有多组,请写出其中两组的化学式______.

(5)单质Z的晶体在1183K以下时为体心立方堆积,在1183K以上时为面心立方堆积,其晶胞结构如图所示.则体心立方晶胞和面心立方晶胞中实际含有的Z原子的个数之比为______.Z3+比Z2+更稳定一些,其原因可能是______.

答案

由元素在周期表中的位置可知,A为H,E为C,G为N,R为O,X为Si,Z为Fe,

(1)N的质子数为7,其电子排布式为1s22s22p3,因氨分子之间有氢键,则沸点高,易液化,故答案为:1s22s22p3;氨分子之间有氢键;

(2)SiO2中Si能形成4个Si-O键,则Si原子采取sp3杂化,又CO2属于分子晶体,SiO2属于原子晶体,则SiO2的熔点高,

故答案为:sp3;CO2属于分子晶体,SiO2属于原子晶体;

(3)非金属性越强,C的非金属性最弱,则C的第一电离能越大,但N原子的p轨道半满更稳定,失电子较难,则N的第一电离能最大,则

第一电离能由大到小的顺序为N>O>C,故答案为:N>O>C;

(4)因CH4和NH4+、NH3和H3O+、CO2和N2O、CO和N2中原子数目相同、价电子数相同,则它们属于等电子体,故答案为:CH4和NH4+、NH3和H3O+

(5)体心立方晶胞中Fe原子在顶点和体心,则原子个数为1+8×

1
8
=2,面心立方晶胞中Fe原子在顶点和面心,原子个数为8×
1
8
+6×
1
2
=4,

则实际含有的Z原子的个数之比为2:4=1:2;又因Fe2+转化为Fe3+时,3d能级由不稳定的3d6状态转变为较稳定的3d5半充满状态,则Fe3+比Fe2+更稳定一些,

故答案为:1:2;Fe2+转化为Fe3+时,3d能级由不稳定的3d6状态转变为较稳定的3d5半充满状态.

单项选择题
单项选择题

Drug use is rising dramatically among the nation’s youth after a decade of decline. From 1993 to 1994, marijuana use among young people (1) from 12 to 17 jumped 50 percent. One in five high school seniors (2) marijuana daily. Monitoring the Future, which (3) student drug use annually, reports that negative attitudes about drugs have declined for the fourth year in a row. (4) young people see great risk in using drugs. Mood-altering pharmaceutical drugs are (5) new popularity among young people. Ritalin, (6) as a diet pill in the 1970s and now used to (7) hyperactive children, has become a (8) drug on college campuses. A central nervous system (9) , Ritalin can cause strokes, hypertension, and seizures. Rohypnol, produced in Europe as a (10) tranquilizer, lowers inhibitions and suppresses short-term memory, which has led to some women being raped by men they are going out with. (11) taken with alcohol, its effects are greatly (12) . Rock singer Kurt Cobain collapsed from an (13) of Rohypnol and champagne a month before he committed (14) in 1994. In Florida and Texas, Rohypnol has become widely abused among teens, who see the drug as a less expensive (15) for marijuana and LSD. Alcohol and tobacco use is increasing among teenagers, (16) younger adolescents. Each year, more than one million teens become regular smokers, (17) they cannot legally purchase tobacco. By 12th grade, one in three students smokes. In 1995, one in five 14-year-olds reported smoking regularly, a 33 percent jump (18) 1991. Drinking among 14-year-olds climbed 50 percent from 1992 to 1994, and all teens reported substantial increases in (19) drinking. In 1995, one in five 10th graders reported having been drunk in the past 30 days. Two-thirds of high school seniors say they know a (20) with a drinking problem.

9()

A.stimulus

B.stimulant

C.excitement

D.encouragement