问题 问答题 简答题

质量成本可以分为哪几种?

答案

参考答案:

质量成本可分为:

(1)内部损失成本,是与低劣产品或服务有关的到达用户前的成本,如返工费、修理和停工损失等;

(2)外部损失成本,是与提交用户不合格产品或服务有关的成本,如退货、信誉降低损失等;

(3)鉴定成本,是为核算、评价和审核原材料、成本和服务,与产品质量标准一致所发生的成本,如检验设备、试验、检验人员等产生的费用;

(4)预防成本,是与减少潜在质量问题有关的成本,如质量改善项目、培训、检测产生的费用等。

单项选择题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Thinking is something you choose to do as a fish chooses to live in water. To be human is to think. But

thinking may come naturally without your knowing how you do it. Thinking about drinking is the key to

critical (判断性的) thinking. When you think critically, you take control of your thinking processes (过程).

Otherwise, you might be controlled by the ideas of others. Indeed, critical thinking is at the heart of education.

     The word "critical" here has a special meaning. It does not mean taking one view against another view, as

when someone criticizes another person for doing something wrong. The nature of critical thinking is thinking

beyond the easily seen-beyond the pictures on TV, the untrue reports in the newspapers, and the faulty

reasoning.

     Critical thinking is an attitude as much as an activity. If you are curious about life and desire to dig deeper

into it, you are a critical thinker. If you find pleasure in deep thinking about different ideas, characters, and

facts, you are a critical thinker.

     Activities of the mind and higher-order reasoning are processes of deep and careful consideration. They

take time, and do not go hand in hand with the fast speed in today's world: fast foods, instant coffee, and

self-developing film. If you are among the people who believe that speed is a measure of intelligence (智力),

you may learn something new from a story about Albert Einstein. The first time Banesh Hoffman, a scientist,

was to discuss his work with Albert Einstein. Hoffman was too nervous to speak. But Einstein immediately

put Hoffman at ease by saying, "Please go slowly. I don't understand things quickly."

1. Critical thinking is important to us because if we do not think critically, _______.

A. it will be hard for us to think naturally and fast

B. we might be controlled by other people's ideas

C. we will follow the ideas of others naturally

D. we might be footed by other people's ideas

2. If you are a critical thinker, you will _______.

A. think deeply about different ideas

B. trust the reports in the newspapers

C. take one view against another view

D. criticize other people for their mistakes

3. In the last paragraph, "something new" suggests that ________.

A. the smarter you are, the faster you do things

B. the faster you do things, the smarter you become

C. speed can improve intelligence

D. intelligence is not decided by speed

4. What would be the best title for the passage?

A. Thinking and Critical Thinking.

B. Understanding Critical Thinking.

C. Thinking Is Natural and Human.

D. Thinking Fast Means Intelligence.