问题 问答题

根据给定的材料,概述“八荣八耻”的基本内涵。概述文字要简明扼要。400字左右。

答案

参考答案:

解析:对“八荣八耻”的基本内涵可以从以下几个层次来把握:“以热爱祖国为荣、以危害祖国为耻”,“以服务人民为荣、以背离人民为耻”,“以祟尚科学为荣、以愚昧无知为耻”,“以团结互助为荣、以损人利己为耻”,这4条集中概括了社会主义价值原则。在中国,爱国主义和社会主义在本质上是统一的,热爱祖国就是热爱社会主义新中国。全心全意为人民服务,是 * * 党全部行为的出发点和落脚点,是马克思主义思想的重要内容。“以崇尚科学为荣”中的科学包括自然科学与作为我们党和国家指导思想的马克思主义在内的哲学社会科学。团结互助是集体主义精神的具体表现,也是社会主义道德的一个基本要求。“以诚实守信为荣、以见利忘义为耻”“以遵纪守法为荣、以违法乱纪为耻”,突出体现为当今市场经济的公德要求,其中也蕴含有中 * * 优秀伦理文化的基本内容。“以辛勤劳动为荣、以好逸恶劳为耻”,“以艰苦奋斗为荣、以骄奢淫逸为耻”,是中 * * 优秀道德文化的精华,也是社会主义思想道德体系的基本内容。

选择题
阅读理解

阅读理解。

      Being sociable looks like a good way to add years to your life. Relationships with family, friends,

neighbours, even pets, will all do the trick, but the biggest longevity (长寿) boost seems to come from

marriage or an equivalent relationship. The effect was first noted in 1858 by William Farr, who wrote

that widows (寡妇) and widowers  were at a much higher risk of dying than their married peers. Studies

since then suggest that marriage could add as much as seven years to a man's life and two to a woman's.

The effect holds for all causes of death, whether illness, accident or self-harm.

      Even if the odds are stacked against you, marriage can more than compensate. Linda Waite of the

University of Chicago has found that a married older man with heart disease can expect to live nearly

four years longer than an unmarried man with a healthy heart. Likewise, a married man who smokes more

than a pack a day is likely to live as long as a divorced man who doesn't smoke. There's a flip side,

however, as partners are more likely to become ill or die in the couple of years following their spouse's

death, and caring for a spouse with mental disorder can leave you with some of the same severe problems. Even so, the odds favour marriage. In a 30-year study of more than 10,000 people, Nicholas Christakis

of Harvard Medical School describes how all kinds of social networks have similar effects.

      So how does it work? The effects are complex, affected by socio-economic factors, health-service

provision, emotional support and other more physiological (生理的) mechanisms. For example, social

contact can boost development of the brain and immune system, leading to better health and less chance

of depression later in life. People in supportive relationships may handle stress better. Then there are the

psychological benefits of a supportive partner.

      A life partner, children and good friends are all recommended if you aim to live to 100. The ultimate

social network is still being mapped out, but Christakis says: "People are interconnected, so their health is

interconnected."

1. William Farr's study and other studies show that _______.

A. social life provides an effective cure for illness

B. being sociable helps improve one's quality of life

C. women benefit more than men from marriage

D. marriage contributes a great deal to longevity

2. Linda Waite's studies support the idea that _______.

A. older men should quit smoking to stay healthy

B. marriage can help make up for ill health

C. the married are happier than the unmarried

D. unmarried people are likely to suffer in later life

3. It can be inferred from the context that the "flip side" (Line 4, Para. 2) refers to _______.

A. the disadvantages of being married

B. the emotional problems arising from marriage

C. the responsibility of taking care of one's family

D. the consequence of a broken marriage

4. What does the author say about social networks?

A. They have effects similar to those of a marriage.

B. They help develop people's community spirit.

C. They provide timely support for those in need.

D. They help relieve people of their life's burdens.

5. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A. It's important that we develop a social network when young.

B. To stay healthy, one should have a proper social network.

C. Getting a divorce means risking a reduced life span.

D. We should share our social networks with each other.