问题 问答题

美国学者吉伯指出,天才的领导者应具备以下七项天生的品质特征:①善言辞;②外表英俊潇洒;③智力过人;④具有自信心;⑤心理健康;⑥有支配他人的倾向;⑦外向而敏感。斯托格迪尔提出了领导者品质特征应包括以下十项:①才智;②强烈的责任心和完成任务的内驱力;③坚持追求目标的性格;④大胆主动的独创精神;⑤自信心;⑥合作性;⑦乐意承担决策和行动的后果;⑧能忍受挫折;⑨社交能力和影响别人行为的能力;⑩处理事务的能力。试对上述观点进行评价。

答案

参考答案:

解析:上述观点属于典型的传统品质理论,该理论认为领导者的品质是生来就具有的,不具备天生领导品质的人,就不能当领导。该理论概括描述了领导者的许多品质特征,让我们看到有效领导者与某些品质特征相联系,因而,这无疑是一个重要的进步。但这种理论在观点上与研究方法上都存在片面与不足之处。 在观点上,过分强调领导者的天生品质特征,就有可能滑入遗传决定论的泥坑,从而忽视了教育、环境因素在形成、培养发展、造就领导者品质中的决定作用。 事实上社会中许多具有天才领导品质的人,因环境因素而没有机会当上有效领导者,而不具备天才领导者品质的人,在环境与教育实践中逐渐锻炼成为一名有效领导者。

单项选择题

D

Two things changed my life:  my mother and a white plastic bike basket. I have thought long and hard about it and it’s true. I would be a different person if my mom hadn’t turned a silly bicycle accessory into a life lesson I carry with me today.

My mother and father were united in their way of raising children, but it mostly fell to my mother to actually carry it out. Looking back, I honestly don’t know how she did it. Managing the family budget must have been a very hard task., but she made it look effortless. If we complained about not having what another kid did, we’d hear something like, “I don’t care what so –and –so got for his birthday, you are not getting a TV in your room a car for your birthday a lsvish sweet 16 party.” We had to earn our allowance by doing chores around the house. I can stil l remember how long it took to polish the legs of our coffee table.My brothers can no doubt remember hours spent cleaning the house .Like the two little girls growing up at the White House,we made our own beds (no one left the house unitil that was done)and picked up after ourselves.We had to keep track of our belongings ,and if something was lost ,it was not replaced.

   It was summer and ,one day ,my mother drove me to the bike shop to get a tire fixed---and there it was in the window, White, shiny, plastic and decorated with flowers ,the basket winked at me and I knew ----I knew---I had to have it.

   “It’s beautiful,” my mother said when I pointed it out to her,”What a neat basket.”

I tried to hold off at first ,I played it cool for a short while.But then Iguess I couldn’t atand it any longer:“Mon, please can I please ,please get it? I ‘ll do extra chores for as long as you say, I’ll do anything ,but I need that basket,I love that basket.Please ,Mom .Please?”

 I was desperate.

“You know,” she said ,gently rubbing my back while we both stared at what I believes was the coolest thing ever,”If you save up you could buy this yourself.”

“By the time I make enough it’ll bu gone!”

“Maybe Roger here could hold it for you,” she smiled at Roger ,the bike guy.

“He can’t hold it for that long ,Mom .Someone else will buy it .Please,Mom,Please?”

“There might be another way,”she said.

And so our paying plan unfolded.My mother bought the beautiful basket and put it safely in some hiding place I could’t find.Each week I eagerly counted my growing saving increased by extra work here and there (washing the car ,helping my mother make dinner, delivering or collevting things on my bike that already looked naked  without the basket in front).And then ,weeks later ,I counted ,re-counted and jumped for joy. Oh ,happy day ! I made it! I finally had the exact amount we’d agreed upon….

Days later the unthinkable happened. A neighborhood girl I’d played with millions of times appeared with the exact same basket fixted to her shiny ,new bike that already had all the bells and whistles. I rode hard and fast home to tell my mother about this disaster.This horrible turn of events.

And then came the lesson . I’ve taken with me through my life:”Honey, Your basket is extra-special,” Mom said, gently wiping away my hot tears.”Your basket is special because you paid for it yourself.”

When the author saw the basket in the window,she().

A.fell in love with it

B.stared at her mother

C.recognized it at once

D.went up to the bike guy

单项选择题 A1型题