问题 阅读理解

PALO ALTO, California------"Switching off the television may help prevent children from getting fatter------ even if they do not change their diet or increase the amount they exercise," US researchers said last week.

  A study of 192 third and fourth graders, generally aged eight and nine, found that children who cut the number of hours spent watching television gained nearly two pounds(0.9kg) less over a one-year period than those who did not change their television diet.

  "The findings are important because they show that weight loss can only be the result of a reduction in television viewing and not any other activity," said Thomas Robinson, a pediatrician(儿科专家) at Stanford University.

  "American children spend an average of more than four hours per day watching television and videos or playing video games, and rates of childhood being very fat have doubled over the past 20 years," Robinson said.

  In the study, presented this week to the Pediatric Academic Societies‘ annual meeting in San Francisco, the researchers persuaded about 100 of the students to reduce their television viewing by one-quarter to one-third.

  Children watching fewer hours of television showed a significantly smaller increase in waist size and had less body fat than other students who continued their normal television viewing, even though neither group ate a special diet or took part in any extra exercise.

  "One explanation for the weight loss could be the children unstuck to the television may simply have been moving around more and burning off calories," Robinson said.

  "Another reason might be due to eating fewer meals in front of the television. Some studies have suggested that eating in front of the TV encourages people to eat more," Robinson said.

小题1:The author tries to tell us in the first two paragraphs that ________.

A.children will get fatter if they eat too much

B.children will get thinner if they eat less

C.children will get fatter if they spend less time watching TV

D.children will get fatter if they spend more time watching TV小题2:According to the passage, the time American children usually spend on watching TV_____.

A.is more than four hours a day

B.is less than four hours a day

C.doubled in the last twenty years

D.is more than on any other activities小题3: The time children spend on TV viewing every day is suggested to be about ________.

A.six hours

B.eight hours

C.three hours

D.one hour小题4:Which one of the following is right?

A.Children usually eat fewer while watching TV.

B.Children usually eat more while watching TV.

C.Children eat the same amount of meals while watching TV.

D.Children usually eat nothing while watching TV.小题5:Why can watching TV increase kids’ weight according to the passage?

  A. They usually eat more while watching TV.

  B. They burn off fewer calories.

  C. They change their diet while watching TV.

D. Both A and B.

答案

小题1:D

小题1:A

小题1:C

小题1:B

小题1:C

单项选择题

简单原因可能导致复杂后果,这是混沌研究所提供的一条重要信息。许多看起来杂乱无章、随机起伏的时间变化或空间图案,可能来自重复运用某种极简单而确定的基本作用。我们以不同代的昆虫数目变化为例。假定成虫产卵后全部自然死亡,然后孵化出下一代,世代之间没有交叠。如果下一代“虫口”数简单正比于前一代虫口数,那么只要平均产卵数多于1,而且这样一直重复下去,过不了多少代,整个地球就会“虫满为患”。虫口过多,食物有限,它们就要为争食咬斗,传染病也会因接触增长而蔓延。“咬斗”和“接触”,都是同时涉及两只虫子的事件。这类事件的总数和虫口的平方成正比例,而对虫口的变化产生负作用。这样,通过重复使用生产简单而稳定的规则,就会得出绝不平庸的______时间或空间图案。反过来说,从貌似复杂的时间、空间或时空行为,也可能反溯到原始的简单的动力学规律。混沌研究的进展,不是把简单的事物弄得更复杂,而恰恰是为寻求复杂现象的简单根源,提出新的观点和方法。混沌不是无序和紊乱。一提到有序,人们往往想到周期排列或对称形状。混沌更像是没有周期性的次序。在理想模型中,它可能包含着无穷的内在层次,层次之间存在着“自相似性”或“不尽相似”。在观察手段的分辨率不高时,只能看到某一个层次的结构。提高分辨率之后,在原来不能识别之处又会出现更小尺度上的结构。混沌也不是噪声。这里所谓噪声,不是指大街上的喧嚷,而是泛指一切来自我们所着眼的物理系统以外的微小干扰,例如地基震动、气温变化、电压涨落等等。噪声的特征在于它是真正的随机、而绝对无从预测的。在现实世界中,混沌往往披着噪声的外衣出现。在我们还未曾懂得混沌现象之前,混沌不知有多少次被认为噪声而忽略了。噪声在任何实际系统中都是不可避免的,而它对混沌研究却有极重要的影响:噪声可以诱发混沌,噪声限制了我们对混沌现象的无穷内部层次的探测深度。对混沌的观察,必须满足于有限而非无穷的分辨能力。

文中______处恰当的措辞是:()

A.演变

B.演进

C.演绎

D.演化

单项选择题