Howling(吼叫) is a behavior commonly observed among a wolf pack(狼群). As pack animals, wolves work together to hunt and rely on howling as an important means of communication among each other. There’re different explanations of a wolf’s howl and it appears that there may be more to discover．
One theory is that wolves howl to bond better together. It’s almost as if howling together helps the pack stay together. Perhaps something similar to people feeling a sense of involvement with each other when singing a song together. But this theory may be wrong, explains Fred H. Harrington, a professor who studies wolf behavior.
Indeed, there have been times when wolves have been seen one moment howling in a chorus(合唱), and the next, quarreling among each other. It appears that usually the lowest-ranking members of the pack may actually be “punished” for joining in the chorus at times. So is howling a way to strengthen a social bond or just a way to reconfirm status (地位) among its members? Why do wolves howl for sure?
What is clear, however, is that howling is often used among pack mates to locate each other. Hunting grounds are distant and it happens that wolves may separate from one another at times. When this happens, howling appears to be an excellent means of gathering.
Howling, interestingly, is a contagious behavior. When one wolf starts to howl, very likely others will follow. This is often seen to occur in the morning, as if wolves were doing some sort of “roll call” where wolves all howl together to report their
小题1:What is the possible similarity between wolves’ howling together and human’s singing in chorus?
A．The act of calling each other．
B．The sense of accomplishment．
C．The act of hunting for something．
D．The sense of belonging to a group．小题2:Why does Harrington think the “social bond” theory may be wrong?
A．Wolves separate from each other after howling．
B．Wolves tend to protect their hunting grounds．
C．Wolves sometimes have quarrels after howling together．
D．Wolves of low rank are encouraged to join in the chorus．小题3:Researchers are sure that wolves often howl to______．
A．show their ranks
B．find their companions
C．report the missing ones
D．express their loneliness小题4:“Howling… is a contagious behaviour”（in the last paragraph）means_______．
A．howling is a signal for hunting
B．howling is a way of communication
C．howling often occurs in the morning
D．howling spreads from one to another
小题1:D
小题2:C
小题3:B
小题4:D
文章讲的是狼群发出嚎叫的原因，作用和特点。
小题1:判断推理题。根据第二段It’s almost as if howling together helps the pack stay together. Perhaps something similar to people feeling a sense of involvement with each other when singing a song together.可知。
小题2:事实细节题。根据第三段and the next, quarreling among each other.可知。
小题3:事实细节题。 根据第四段What is clear, however, is that howling is often used among packmates to locate each other可知。
小题4:推理判断题。根据Howling, interestingly, is a contagious behavior. When one wolf starts to howl, very likely others will follow.可知，当一只狼嚎叫的时候，别的狼也会跟随一起嚎叫。