问题 阅读理解

The area of child psychology is one of the most significant and well studied of all the branches of psychology. It aims to help with achieving a greater understanding of the behavior of children through an understanding of their minds. It deals with children who range from the prenatal(出生前的)stage right up to the stage of adolescence.

The psychologist Jean Piaget (1896-1980) has been credited with making a major breakthrough in this area when he put forward his idea that children were not actually less intelligent than adults, rather they just thought in a different way. Preciously the development of children right from birth through to adulthood was an area that was almost completely neglected. In fact very little work was done in this area. However, interest in this field has now developed to the point of being one of the most debated of all the areas of psychology.

Despite popular belief that factors such as genetics or personal characteristics are the only determining factors that influence a youth’s behavior, this is not in fact the case. In reality, development actually includes many more factors than those contained within an individual. Factors such as environment, which can include social relationships and the surrounding culture, also play important roles. Relationships with both peers and adults will no doubt affect how children think and learn, and therefore develop. These relationships can include those that are found not only within families but also in schools and peer groups.

Culturally speaking, this factor will contribute greatly to how children develop their personality concerning the values they end up holding (perhaps for a lifetime) as well as how they view such things as traditions and customs.

Nowadays, psychologists have agreed that a child’s psychology is both unique and highly complex. However, there are debates on many different points in this field and many viewpoints exist.

小题1:The word “neglected” underlined in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by “______”.

A.ignored

B.destroyed

C.developed

D.explored小题2:What does the third paragraph mainly tell us?

A.Popular belief about child psychology.

B.The role families play in a child’s development.

C.Factors that affect a child’s development.

D.The importance of relationships to a child.小题3:The author’s purpose in writing the passage is to ____.

A.introduce an important psychologist.

B.give a brief introduction to child psychology.

C.compare some of the areas of psychology.

D.explain the development in psychology.

答案

小题1:A

小题2:C

小题3:B

小题1:词义理解推断题,根据文中语句“Preciously the development of children right from birth through to adulthood was an area that was almost completely neglected.”理解可知。neglected.可用ignored来代替。

小题2:句意理解归纳题,根据文中第三段语句理解可知。Factors影响着孩子的发展。

小题3:理解归纳题,根据文中语句理解可知选B。

解答题
阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面【甲】【乙】两段文言文,完成后面问题。

【甲】

  于是入朝见威王,曰:“臣诚知不如徐公美。臣之妻私臣,臣之妾畏臣,臣之客欲有求于臣,皆以美于徐公。今齐地方千里,百二十城,宫妇左右莫不私王,朝廷之臣莫不畏王,四境之内莫不有求于王,由此观之,王之蔽甚矣。”

  王曰:“善。”乃下令:“群臣吏民能面刺寡人之过者,受上赏;上书谏寡人者,受中赏;能谤讥于市朝,闻寡人之耳者,受下赏。”令初下,群臣进谏,门庭若市;数月之后,时时而间进;期年之后,虽欲言,无可进者。燕、赵、韩、魏闻之,皆朝于齐。此所谓战胜于朝廷。

【乙】

  赵且伐燕,苏代为燕谓惠王曰:“今者臣来,过易水,蚌方出曝而鹬啄其肉。蚌合而拑其喙。鹬曰:‘今日不雨,明日不雨,即有死蚌。’蚌亦谓鹬曰:‘今日不出,明日不出,即有死鹬。’两者不肯相舍,渔者得而并禽之。今赵且伐燕,燕、赵久相支,以弊大众,臣恐强秦之为渔父也。故愿王熟计之也!”惠王曰:“善!”乃止。

【注】且:将要。苏代;人名。惠王:指赵惠王。他将要攻打燕国。拑:通“钳”,夹住。禽:通“擒”,捉住。

1、解释下列句中加粗的意思。

(1)群臣吏民能面寡人之过者(          ) 

(2)今日不(             )

(3)王之甚矣(               )          

(4)故愿王计之也(         )

2、翻译下面文言句子。

(1)此所谓战胜于朝廷。

_________________________________________

(2)两者不肯相舍,渔者得而并禽之。     

_________________________________________                                                                           

3、文段理解。这两篇短文的共同点是设喻讽谏国君,甲文中的邹忌讽谏齐威王时,先以_________设喻,再拿齐威王的地位和自己作比较,最后得出“___________”的结论。乙文中的苏代讽谏赵惠王时,也用了比喻论证的方法,这个比喻后来演变成一个成语,即_______________。两文中的国君都接受了臣子的规劝,一个“_______”字就是明证。

4、邹忌讽谏齐威王,苏代讽谏赵惠王的目的各是什么?

______________________________________________________