问题 推断题

有A、B、C、D、E、F、 G、H初中常见的八种物质,常温下A和B是液体,D 、E、 G是气体,A和B组成元素相同、D和 G组成元素相同。E、F、H是单质,且F为红色金属。八种物质之间有如图转化关系(反应条已件略去)。请回答:

⑴写出F、 G两种物质的化学式:F   , G   。             

⑵写出反应①的化学方程式:

                      

⑶反应②的基本反应类型为        反应 。

⑷指出D和 G在化学性质上的一点不同之处: 

                                      

答案

(1)Cu;CO2

(2)2H2O22H2O+O2↑。

(3)化合反应

(4)D(即CO)有可燃性,G(即CO2)无可燃性。

题目分析:根据“F为红色金属”可知,F为Cu;结合图示④C+H(单质)→F(Cu)+G(气体)分析可知,H为碳(C),C为氧化铜(CuO),G为二氧化碳(CO2);再结合图示②E(单质气体)+ F(Cu)→C(CuO)分析可知,E为氧气(O2);再结合图示①A(液体)→B(液体)+E(O2),且A和B组成元素相同,分析可知,A为过氧化氢(H2O2),B为水(H2O);最后结合图示③C(CuO)+D(气体)→F(Cu)+ G(CO2),且D和 G组成元素相同,分析可知,D为CO。

(1)F为铜,故化学式为Cu ;G为二氧化碳,故化学式为CO2

(2)反应①是过氧化氢分解,生成水和氧气,故反应的化学方程式为2H2O22H2O+O2↑。

(3)反应②为氧气和铜反应,生成氧化铜,故为化合反应。

(4)D为一氧化碳,G为二氧化碳,故它们的化学性质的不同之处为,一氧化碳可以燃烧,而二氧化碳不能燃烧。

点评:在解此类题时,首先要将题中有特征的物质推出,然后结合推出的物质和题中的转换关系推导剩余的物质,最后进行验证即可。

阅读理解

Henry found work in a bookstore after he finished middle school. He wouldn’t do anything but wanted to get rich. Mr King thought he was too lazy and was going to send him away. Henry was afraid and had to work hard.

It was a cold morning. It was snowing and there was thin ice on the streets. Few people went to buy the books and the young man had nothing to do. He hated to read, so he watched the traffic. Suddenly he saw a bag fall off a truck and it landed by the other side of the street.

“It must be full of expensive things, ”Henry said to himself. “I have to get it, or others will take it away. ”

He went out of the shop and ran across the street. A driver saw him and began to whistle (鸣笛), but he didn’t hear it and went on running. The man drove aside, hit a big tree and was hurt in the accident. Two weeks later Henry was taken to court (法庭). A judge asked if he heard the whistle when he was running across the street. He said that something was wrong with his ears and he could hear nothing.

“But you’ve heard me this time.”said the judge.

“Oh, I’m sorry. Now I can hear with one ear.”

“Cover the ear with your hand and listen to me with your deaf (聋的)one. Well, can you hear me? ”

“No, I can’t. sir.”

小题1:What was Mr. King? (   )

A.a driver

B.a doctor

C.a policeman

D.a shopkeeper小题2: Why did Mr. King want to send Henry away? (   )

A.Because Henry was too lazy.

B.Because Henry hoped to be rich.

C.Because Henry finished middle school.

D.Because Henry sold few books.小题3:Why did Henry say that he was deaf? (   )

A.He wanted to have a joke with the judge.

B.He wanted to get the judge’s help

C.He wanted to find another piece of work

D.He didn’t want to pay for the accident.

填空题 案例分析题