问题 阅读理解

The popular college rankings focus primarily on prestige as measured by the SAT scores of incoming students and how many applicants are turned away. An initiative(措施)started last fall by the Obama administration could help families go beyond these limited, and far too easily exploited, indexes to learn quickly and easily how a college is compared with its competitors nationally on important criteria like graduation rates, what a degree actually costs and how much debt a student can expect to run up by graduation day.

If the federal government makes it legally necessary to disclose this information in a clear and consistent(一贯的)way, as it should, families will be better able to make informed college choices. And this will help put pressure on colleges that perform poorly to improve.

Critics may regard this initiative as an example of government overreach. But given that the federal government spends nearly $190 billion a year on higher education aid to students, it has a legitimate interest in making sure that the money flows to the schools that best meet their responsibilities to families and students.

Congress has taken some steps to require greater transparency(透明)from colleges. The 1990 Student Right to Know Act, for example, required colleges and universities that receive federal aid to disclose graduation rates. And the 2008 Higher Education Opportunity Act required schools to offer a way for consumers to determine actual costs after student aid is taken into account.

But many colleges have done a poor job of obeying federal disclosure rules, and much of the available information is not in one place. The administration’s new efforts would enforce reporting requirements and provide some new tools.

President Obama wants to expand campus-based aid to about $10 billion from the current $2.7 billion. He has proposed moving money away from colleges that fail to control tuition increases or provide good value to others that do a better job. That is a worthy idea in principle, but he will need strong data-based evidence to determine how colleges are doing.

The transparency initiatives are a good place to start and should be embraced by both parties in Congress. If students and families, facing higher tuition and rising debt, are to make sound choices, they need more and better information.

小题1:Why did the Obama administration start the initiative last fall?

A.To require colleges to make their graduation rates known to the public.

B.To help colleges perform better in the future.

C.To help parents and students make better choices of colleges.

D.To put more pressure on colleges that are not doing well enough.小题2:Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A.Critics agree that the government should require colleges to obey the disclosure rules.

B.Congress has approved and made the transparency initiatives a law.

C.SAT scores alone do not determine one’s choice of college.

D.Students and families find it very difficult to choose their ideal colleges now.小题3:A most suitable title for the passage could be______.

A.Congress To Require Greater Transparency

B.What College Parents and Students Need to Know

C.What a Good College Is Measured By

D.Parents and Students Need to Make Wise Choices小题4:What attitude does the author hold towards the transparency initiative?

A.supportive

B.critical

C.indifferent

D.not stated

答案

小题1:C

小题2:D

小题3:B

小题4:A

小题1:细节理解题,根据文中语句“An initiative(措施)started last fall by the Obama administration could help families go beyond these limited, and far too easily exploited, indexes to learn quickly and easily how a college is compared with its competitors nationally on important criteria like graduation rates, what a degree actually costs and how much debt a student can expect to run up by graduation day.”理解可知。

小题2:细节理解题,根据文中语句“If the federal government makes it legally necessary to disclose this information in a clear and consistent(一贯的)way, as it should, families will be better able to make informed college choices.”理解可知。

小题3:理解归纳题,根据文中语句理解可知。

小题4:细节理解题,根据文中语句“That is a worthy idea in principle, but he will need strong data-based evidence to determine how colleges are doing.”理解可知。

单项选择题

                                                                                                                                        偃虹堤记

    有自岳阳至者,以滕侯【1】之书、洞庭之图来告曰:“有所记。”予发书按图,自岳阳门西距金鸡之右,其外隐然隆高以长者,曰偃虹堤。问其作而名者,曰:“吾滕侯之所为也。” 问其所以作之利害,曰:“洞庭,天下之至险;而岳阳,荆、潭、黔、蜀四会之冲也。昔舟之往来湖中者,至无所寓,则皆泊南津,其有事于州者远且劳,而又常有风波之恐、覆溺之。今舟之至者,皆泊堤下,有事于州者近而且无患。”问其大小之制、用人之力,曰:“长一千尺,高三十尺,厚加二尺,用民力万有五千五百工,而不逾时以成。”问其始作之谋,曰:“州以事上转运使,转运使择其吏之能者行视可否,凡三反复,而又上于朝廷,决之三司,然后曰可,而皆不能易吾侯之议也。”曰:“此君子之作也,可以书矣。”

    盖虑于民也深,则其谋始也精,故能用力少而为功多。夫以百步之堤,御天下至险不测之虞,惠其民而及于荆、潭、黔、蜀,凡往来湖中,无远迩之人皆蒙其利焉。且岳阳四会之冲,舟之来而止者,日凡有几!使堤土石幸久不朽,则滕侯之惠利于人物,可以数计哉?夫事不患于不成,而患于易坏。盖作者未始不欲其久存,而继者常至于殆废。自古贤智之士,为其民捍患兴利,其遗迹往往而在。使其继者皆如始作之心,则民到于今受其赐,天下岂有遗利乎?此滕侯之所以虑,而欲有纪于后也

    滕侯志大材高,名闻当世。方朝廷用兵急人之时,显用之。而功未及就,退守一州,无所用心,略施其余,以利及物。夫虑熟谋审力不劳而功倍作事可以为后法一宜书不苟一时之誉思为利于无穷而告来者不以废二宜书岳之民人与湖中之往来者皆欲为滕侯纪三宜书以三宜书不可以不书,乃为之书。

    庆历六年某月某日记。

                                                                                                                                                                                                     (取材于《欧阳文忠公集》)

    注释:【1】滕侯:即滕子京,北宋人,屡遭贬黜,其时被贬,任岳州知州。

下列语句中,加短横线词语的解释不正确的一项是(3分)

A.有所记愿:希望

B.覆溺之虞:料想

C.使堤土石幸久不朽使:假如

D.显用之常:曾经

多项选择题