问题 单项选择题

男性,40岁,间断上腹痛6年,每在餐前和凌晨时发作,进食后缓解。1天前饮酒后恶心,呕吐咖啡样胃液,排柏油样粪便。

该患者首先采用的治疗措施是

A.输血小板

B.血浆置换

C.泼尼松

D.注射免疫球蛋白

答案

参考答案:C

解析:[考点] ITP的发病机制、鉴别与治疗 与ITP发病相关的因素较多,包括病毒和细菌感染、免疫因素、脾对血小板的破坏和雌激素的作用。在免疫因素中单核巨噬细胞系统过度吞噬破坏是ITP发病的主要机制。 ITP血象中可见全血细胞减少,这与再生障碍性贫血有时易混淆,鉴别此两种疾病,可根据骨髓象,再障骨髓象中巨核细胞明显减少,甚至缺如,而ITP的骨髓象中巨核细胞不减少,有的病人还有增加。治疗ITP的首选措施是糖皮质激素(泼尼松),它可以抑制单核巨噬细胞系统对血小板的破坏,减少自身抗体生成及减轻抗原抗体反应,改善毛细血管通透性,刺激骨髓血小板向外周血的释放。

填空题
单项选择题

Believe it or not,optical illusion can cut highway crashes.
Japan is a case in point.It has reduced automobile crashes on some roads by Rearly 75 percent using a simple optical illusion.Butst.ripes,called chevrons(人字形),painted on ther rads make drivers think that they are driving faster than they really are,and thus drivers slow down.
Now the American Automobile Association Foundation for Traffic Safety in Washington D.C. is planning t。repeat Japan’s success.Starting next year,the foundati。n will paint cheyrons and。ther pattems of stripes on selected roads around the country to test how well the patterns reduce highway erashes.
Excessive(too great)speed plays a major role in as much as one fifth of all fatal traffic accidents, according to the foundation.To help reduce those accidents,the foundation will conduct its tests in areas where speed-related hazards(danger)are the greatest curves,exit slopes,traffic circles,and bridges.
Some studies suggest that straight,horizontal bars painted across roads can initially cut the average speed of drivers in half.However,traffic。ften returns to full speed within months as driVers become used to seeing the painted bars.
Chevrons,scientists say,not only give drivers the impression that they are driving faster than they reallv are but als0 make a lane appear to be narrower.The result is a longer lasting reduction in highway speed and the number of traffic accidents.

On roads painted with chevrons,drivers tend to feel that______.

A.thev should avoid speed.related hazards
B. they are driving in the wrong lane
C. they should slow down their speed
D. they are coming near to the speed limit