In its more extreme forms persecution mania is a recognized

form of insanity. Some people imagine that others wish to kill

them, or imprison them, or to do them some other grave injury.

Often the wish to protect themselves from imaginary persecutors　　　(1)______

leads them into acts of violence which make it necessary to restrain

their liberty. This, like many other forms of insanity, is

only an exaggeration of tendency not at all uncommon among　　　　　　(2)______

people who count as normal. I do not propose to discuss

the extreme forms, that are a matter for a psychiatrist.　　　　　　　(3)______

It is the milder forms that I wish to consider, since they　　　　　 (4)______

are a very frequent cause of unhappiness, and because, not having

gone much far as to produce definite insanity, they　　　　　　　　　 (5)______

are still capable of being dealt by the patient himself,　　　　　　　(6)______

provided he can be induced to diagnose his trouble

right and to see that its origin lies within himself and　　　　　　　 (7)______

not in the supposed hostility and unkindness of others.　　　　　　　　(8)______

We are all familiar with the type of person, man or woman,

who, according to his own account, is perpetually the victim

of ingratitude, unkindness, and treachery. People of such kind　　　　　(9)______

are often extraordinarily plausible, and secure warm sympathy

from those who have not known them long. There

is, as a rule, nothing inherently improbable about every separate　　　　(10)______

story that they relate.

10（）

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                                                          Communicating with Gestures

     When travelling, you may think that if you don't know the language, you can communicate using

gestures. However, very few gestures are universally understood and interpreted. What is perfectly

acceptable in this country may be rude in other cultures.

     1. Pointing at something using the index finger. It is impolite to point with the index finger in the

Middle and Far East. Use an open hand or your thumb in Indonesia.

     2. Making a "V"sign. This means "victory"in most parts of Europe when you make the sign with

your palm facing away from you. But if you face your palm in, the gesture is very rude.

     3. Smiling. This facial expression is universally understood. However, cultures can provide different

reasons for smiling. The Japanese may smile when they are confused or angry while in other parts of

Asia people smile when they are embarrassed. People in some cultures only smile to friends. It is

important not to judge people for not smiling, or for smiling at what we would consider "inappropriate"

times.

     4. Waving one's hand with the palm facing outward to greet someone. In parts of Europe, waving the

hand back and forth can mean "No". To wave "goodbye", raise the palm outward and wave the fingers

together; but this is rude in Nigeria if the hand is too close to another person's face.

     5. Forming a circle with one's fingers to mean "OK". Although this means "OK"in the U. S. and many

other countries, there are some notable exceptions. In Brazil and Germany the gesture is obscene

(猥亵的), while in Japan it means"money". In France, it has the additional meaning of "zero"or

"worthless".

1. According to the text, when we travel to other countries________.

A. many gestures are universally recognized

B. the same gesture can have different meanings

C. a smile always suggests friendliness

D. we can still communicate without knowing the languages

2. Which of the following gestures should be used to point at an object in Indonesia?

3. What does the word "inappropriate"in Paragraph 4 probably mean?

A. Unsuitable.     

B. Impolite.

C. Uncomfortable.  

D. Ordinary.

4. When you talk to people from Brazil, you should remember not to ________.

A. smile at them

B. make a "V"sign

C. point at objects around you

D. make the "OK"gesture

5. The text is mainly to __________.

A. show that gestures are universally accepted

B. warn readers of impolite gestures

C. show the different meanings of gestures in different countries

D. teach readers how to understand gestures in other countries