问题 填空题

Motivation is "the driving force within individuals that impels them to action." And goals are the sought-after results_____(1) motivated behavior.Motivation can be either positive or negative_____(2) direction. We may feel a driving force toward some object or condition, _____(3) a driving force away from some object or condition. For example, a person may be impelled toward a restaurant to fulfill a need, hunger, and away_____(4) an airplane to fulfill a need of safety. Some psychologists refer to positive drives_____(5) needs, wants or desires,_____(6) negative drives as fears or aversions._____ (7), though negative and positive motivational forces seem to differ dramatically_____(8) terms of physical and sometimes emotional activity, they are basically similar in_____(9) they both serve to initiate and sustain human behavior.____(10) this reason, researchers often refer _____(11) both kinds of drives or motives as needs, wants and desires.Goals, _____(12), can be either positive or negative. A positive goal is one toward_____ (13) behavior is directed and it is often referred to as an approach object. A negative goal is _____(14) from which behavior is directed away and it is sometimes referred to as an avoidance object. Since both approach and avoidance goals can be considered objectives of motivated behavior, most researchers refer to_____(15) types simply as goals. Consider this example. A middle-aged woman may wish to remain_____(16) attractive as possible. Her positive goal is to appear desirable, and_____(17) she may use a perfume advertised to make her irresistible. A negative goal may be to prevent her skin_____(18) aging, and therefore she may buy and use face creams._____(19) the former case, she uses perfume to help her achieve her positive goal — attractiveness; in the____(20) case, she uses face creams to help avoid a negative goal — wrinkled skin.

答案

参考答案:one

解析:语境搭配。此句与上句句式结构完全一样,所填之词后面是介词from与关系代词which构成的介词短语引出的定语从句,所填之词应是被修饰的名词/代词,根据上句,此处应填one。

单项选择题 A1/A2型题
单项选择题

阅读下文,然后回答问题。

我国古代的咏花词的类型,虽然达到了逼真、传神的艺术境界,但多侧重于表现自然。更多的咏花词佳作侧重于表现感情。由感官向心灵开拓,审美对象便由形象转向意象,由目接之景转为神遇之景,诗境便由“物境”转为“意境”。在创作上,追求表现审美主体心灵感受的“韵味”,通过超视听的心灵(或称“第六感官”)来把握对象。如陆龟蒙《白莲》云“无情有恨何人觉,月晓风清欲醉时”,就体现了一种特有的韵味,诗人借此表达芳洁白赏而又寂寞凄清的心境,这首诗打动人的魅力在于此。钟嵘《诗品》中说:“味之者无极,闻之者动心,是诗之至也。”诗人的艺术追求也在于此。其目的并非“状难写之景如在目前”,而是“含不尽之意见于言外”。白莲欲坠的形象究竟是怎样的无关紧要,这里仅以此富有韵味的意象传出一种心境罢了。又如姜夔《暗香》写寒梅云:“竹外疏花,冷香人瑶席。”又云:“千树压,西湖寒碧。”皆是幽冷心境的意象表现,有“得意忘象”之趣。如从形貌之似的角度去落实,往往是不可捉摸的,那样去鉴赏便要失去韵味,难免买椟还珠之讥。如司空图所云:“遇之匪深,即之愈希,脱有形似,握乎已违。”故我们读这类诗词,更不可仅仅注意花卉形象的描摹,诗人已不是着眼于“目击可图”之境,而意在“境外生境”。“境外生境”者,于“物境”之外生出“意境”也。我们应力求通过品赏韵味进而领会意境,方不负古人。故司马光云:“古人为诗,贵在意在言外,使人思而得知。”(《诗人玉屑》卷六引)

由物境引起内心触动,而将与它相似的内在情感投射到审美对象上,将自身情感托之于外物,这就构成了咏花词的另一境界——“情境”。这已是“移情作用”的表现,已经不完全是从审美感受的角度出发,而是内在心灵情绪的一种外化,托之于花卉形象表现出来。在创作上常常采用比兴寄托的表达手段,“兴者托事于物”,以情附物,言在此而意在彼。如陈子昂《感遇》诗咏兰,以“岁华尽摇落,劳意竟何成”寄寓时不我待、美人迟暮之叹:宋徽宗《燕山亭》咏杏花,以“易得凋零,更多少,无情风雨”寄予国破家亡、失身为虏之痛。工于寄托者,皆善于闪烁其词,隐藏其旨,令读者于言外有所感触。寄意的深隐,以造成情味的隽永。含蓄深沉,故耐人寻味。

“诗人的艺术追求也在于此”的“此”指的是()。

A.是诗人在作品的描写中所努力达到的一种艺术境界。

B.是诗人表达芳洁自赏而又寂寞凄清心境时寄托的对象。

C.是诗人使读者的感情与作品抒写的感情产生的共鸣。

D.是诗人能让读者观其作品时所受到感动的艺术技巧。