问题 问答题

在由国家有关部门举办的一次大型科普展中,有一个别具匠心的设计:三扇门上各有一个问题:“污染环境的是谁”“饱受环境恶化之苦的是准”“保护环境的是谁”拉开门,里面各是一面镜子,照出的是参观者自己。 请回答: (1)这一精巧的设计反映了人类实践活动中的什么基本关系 (2)如何理解“我们不要过分陶醉于我们人类对自然界的胜利。对于每一次这样的胜利,自然界都对我们进行报复” (3)用辩证法关于度的观点说明;“地球能够满足人类的需要,但不能满足人类的贪婪”。

答案

参考答案:

解析:(1)这一精巧的设计反映的是人类实践活动中人与自然界的关系。这三个问题之间具有内在的联系,都直指人类自身。 (2)自然界有其自身的客观规律,人类能够认识和遵循自然规律,合理利用自然资源达到自己的目的,但人类不能不顾自然规律,为所欲为。否则,最后受伤害的还是人类自身。 (3)度是事物保持自己质的量的限度。度的辩证原理要求人们在实践活动中应当掌握“适度”原则。自然界是人类生存和发展的基础,但自然资源是有限的,人类可以而且应当充分利用自然资源,但不能无节制地过度索取。只有这样,才能保持人和自然的和谐,实现经济社会的可持续发展和人的全面发展。[命题出处] 《马克思主义哲学原理》第五章、第三章:努力实现人类社会与自然界的协调发展:事物的度及其方法论意义。[思路剖析] 人类与自然界的关系问题,是哲学的永恒话题,也是人类实践活动中的基本关系。人不同于动物,不是纯粹的适应自然,而是通过自己的实践活动能动地改造、影响自然,这种改造、影响是一把双刃剑,既可以保护自然发展和生态平衡,又有可能造成生态失衡并带来不利于人类自身生存和发展的环境问题。环境问题说到底是人与自然的关系问题,解决环境问题就是要努力实现人与自然的和谐发展。如何解决环境问题,实现人与自然的协调发展,必须掌握和运用唯物辩证法的“度”的观点、适度原则,有节制的利用和改造自然。本题围绕人类与自然界的关系,设置了三个相互关联的问题: (1)紧扣材料,由“环境”、“自己”可见材料反映的实际上是人类实践活动中必须处理的人类社会与自然的相互关系问题。 (2)抓住自然界和人类的相互作用来分析,即一方面是人类改造自然、利用自然;另一方面是自然界也影响着人类的生存和发展。自然界有其固有的客观规律,我们必须全面理解人类与自然界的关系,遵循自然规律去改造自然,合理利用自然资源去达到自己的目的,否则,人类难逃遭遇自然界报复的命运。 (3)用辩证法关于度的观点说明“地球能满足人类的需要,但不能满足人类的贪婪”。这里,首先要回答度的原理及其方法论意义。然后将适度的思想原则运用于人类对有限自然资源的开发、利用中,得到的结论便是:人类对自然资源可充分利用,但不可过度索取。最后运用适度的思想方法得出结论,即我们必须坚持科学发展观,保持人类与自然界的和谐,实现经济社会的可持续发展和人的全面发展。[必背考点] 人与自然的关系、度的原理及其方法论意义。[应试对策] 注意:要从题干中思考人类与自然界(人类活动与自然规律)的相互关系,并逐步展开,不然就显得空泛、乏力;要善于运用“度”的要求和方法来说明问题并得出结沦,这实际上是平时学习中对基本概念、基本原理把握程度的有效检验。

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Early one morning the subinspector at a station at the other end of the town rang me. An

elephant was damaging the town. Would I please come and do something about it?

     I did not know what I could do, but I got onto a horse and started out.  I took my gun,

maybe too small to kill an elephant, but I thought the noise might scare him. Various local

people stopped me on the way and told me about the elephant's doings.

     It was not, of course, a wild elephant, but a tame one. It had been chained up but last

night it had broken its chain and escaped. Its owner had set out to run after it, but had taken

the wrong direction. He was now twelve hours' journey away, and in the morning the elephant

had suddenly appeared in the town. It had already destroyed somebody's bamboo hut (棚屋),

killed a cow and turned over fruitstalls.

     I came round the hut and saw a man's dead body sprawling in the mud.  He was an Indian,

and he could not have been dead many minutes. The people said that the elephant caught him

with its trunk, put its foot on his back and grounded him into the earth. This was the rainy season

and he was lying on his stomach in the soft mud, the peacebreaker standing beside, looking

innocent.

     As I lifted my gun, I hesitated a few seconds. Then I fired. That was a shot that did for him.

     You could see the pain of it knock the last strength from his legs. But in falling he seemed for

a moment to rise, his trunk reaching skyward like a tree. He trumpeted, for the first and only time. 

And then down he came, with a crash that shook the ground.

1. Which of the following statements about the author is TRUE?

A. He was an Indian.

B. He knew elephants well.

C. He was not a local villager.

D. He was the owner of the elephant

2. The elephant made so much trouble because ________.

A. its owner treated him cruelly

B. it got out of control

C. it hated the village people

D. it was a wild elephant

3. The underlined words "the peacebreaker" in Paragraph 4 refer to ________.

A. the elephant              

B. the dead man

C. the author                

D. the subinspector

4. It can be inferred that the author felt ________ when he shot the elephant.

A. excited    

B. sad        

C. frightened   

D. happy

多项选择题