问题 问答题


1988年,李某与村民委员会签订承包合同,承包了村里的100亩山地,约定每年上缴承包款2000元,承包期为20年。此后,李某在山地上种植了橘树,1995年后,李某每年从山地上获取的收益都达到5万元以上。这引起了村里一部分人的不满。1998年,在部分村民的要求下,村委会召开村民代表会议讨论后决定,以情事变更为由,将这100亩山地收回,并转由何某、石某承包,年承包款各1万元。李某向乡人民政府申请裁决,乡人民政府经审查后认定,村民委员会收回山地的行为经村民代表会议通过,是有效行为,并确定山地由石某、何某使用。李某向县人民法院提起行政诉讼。县人民法院裁定不予受理,并告知李某应先提起行政复议。李某随即向该乡所属的区公所申请行政复议,区公所未予受理,李某又向县人民政府申请复议。县人民政府审理过程中,乡人民政府辩称,其行为是对民事纠纷的调解,不在复议范围内。最后,县人民政府作出了李某与村民委员会签订的合同有效,撤销乡人民政府的裁决的复议决定。请问:

乡政府的行为属于具体行政行为还是民事调解行为

答案

参考答案:

解析:属具体行政行为。行政机关对民事纠纷的调解是在纠纷当事人自愿的基础上,由行政机关主持,根据国家法律规定及法律精神,通过说服、沟通,促使纠纷各方友好协商、互谅互让、达成一致、消除纠纷的活动。该案中,原由李某承包的山地转由何某、石某承包不是何某与村委会自愿达成的一致意见,而是乡政府以行 * * 力作出的决定,并且,乡政府的行为废止了李某与村委会签订的农业承包合同,李某也认为该行为侵犯了其合法权益。因此,乡政府的行为是具体行政行为,属于《行政复议法》第6条第(六)项明确规定的行政复议范围。

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     An American friend of mine who was high up in a big corporation had worked out a way of handling

a flood of e-mails before most of us had even heard of the concept. If any information he was sent was

vital enough, his lack of response would ensure the sender rang him up. If the sender wasn't important

enough to have his private number, the communication couldn't be that important, My friend is now even

more senior in the same company, so the strategy must work.    

     Almost every week now, there seems to be a report suggesting that we are all being driven crazy by

the bother of e-mail. If this is the case, it's only because we haven't devel-oped an appropriate

discrimination in dealing with it.      

              Firstly, you junk anything with an exclamation mark or a string of capital letters,or from any

address you don't recognize or feel confident about.    

     Secondly, e-mails don't all have to be answered. Because e-mailing is so easy, there's a tendency for

correspondence to carry on for ever, but it is permissible to stop an endless dis-cussion or to accept a

point of information sent by a colleague without acknowledging it.    

     Thirdly, a reply e-mail doesn't have to be the samelength as the original. We all have e-mail pals who

send long, chatty e-mails, which are nice to receive, but who then expect an equally long reply. Then

charm of e-mail can consist in the simple, incomplete sentence, totally regardless of the format of the

letter sent by post. You are perfectly within the bounds of politeness in responding to a marathon e-mail

with a brief reply.    

1. Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one?      

The possible existence of annoyance results from our inability to sort out e-mails.      

________________________________________________________      

________________________________________________________    

2. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with a proper sentence.(within 10 words)        

______________________________________________________    

3. What advice is given in the last paragraph?  (within l0 words)        

______________________________________________________    

4. For what purpose does the author mention his American friend in Paragraph l? (within 10 words)       

 ______________________________________________________    

5. Translate the underlined sentence in the last paragraph into Chinese.        

_____________________________________________________