问题 材料题

阅读下列材料,结合所学知识回答问题:

材料一 (苏联的)五年计划引起了全世界的关注。尤其是因为同一时期西方经济的崩溃。……因此,原先的怀疑态度转变为真正的兴趣,有时转变为模仿。  ——斯塔夫里阿诺斯《全球通史》

材料二 从(20世纪)30年代经济危机之后,凯恩斯学派在西方世界就大行其道,并且占据了统治地位。这一学派……给资本主义经济开的灵丹妙方是:……这些办法在相当时期内,收到了一定效果。  ——王斯德《世界当代史参考资料》

材料三 更令尼克松感到头痛的则是美国在国际舞台上面临的严重挑战。70年代初,美国已尽失其在经济上所占的优势……动摇了美国的霸主地位。苏联则利用美国困于越南战争之机,在军备竞赛中迎头赶了上来。  ——金重远《战后世界史》

材料四 里根摈弃了传统的凯恩斯主义,转而采取供应学派和货币主义的理论,于1981年2月开始实施“经济复兴计划”……1982—1987年美国经济持续增长了54个月,超过了当时日本和西欧增长速度的局面。……经济好转使里根得以在1984年底再次当选总统,并在国际舞台上推行“现实主义、实力加谈判”的强硬对苏政策,提出“星球大战计划”,企图通过新一轮军备竞赛把苏联拖垮。 ——金重远《战后世界史》

请回答:

(1)依据20世纪30年代及二战后的有关史实,具体说明发达资本主义国家在经济政策方面是如何“模仿”苏联的?20世纪50年代,中国的经济政策又是如何借鉴苏联经验的?

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(2)凯恩斯主义的“兴衰”对我国进行经济建设有何启示?

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(3)20世纪60、70年代,哪些客观因素“动摇了美国的霸主地位”?这一时期,苏联“在军备竞赛中迎头赶了上来”的主观原因是什么?

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(4)20世纪60、70年代,中国的总体经济形势如何?简要分析其原因。

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答案

(1)西方模仿:①国家对经济的大力干预;②实行国有化,建立国营企业,在私有制外出现了公有制;③制定经济计划,指导经济发展。中国:实行三大改造,建立社会主义计划经济体制。

(2)要借鉴不同经济学派理论中的合理成分,并结合本国国情制定经济政策。

(3)①西欧、日本崛起,资本主义世界逐步形成美、欧、日三足鼎立的局面;在美苏争霸中苏联力量的上升。②勃列日涅夫改革,推行新经济体制,尤其是发展重工业。

(4)形势:经济发展缓慢,“ * * ”时期国民经济遭到严重破坏,人民生活水平低。原因:高度集中的计划经济体制的弊端;“左”倾错误、特别是“ * * ”的破坏。

完形填空

第二节:阅读下列材料, 从所给的六个选项(A、B、C、D、E、和F)中,选出符合各小题要求的最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有一项是多余选项。

The people below are all willing to offer help to those who needs help. After the description of these people, there is information about six voluntary jobs (A- F). Decide which place would be most suitable for the person(s) mentioned in questions 61-65 and then mark the correct number on your answer sheet. There is one extra paragraph about one job which you don’t need to use.

61.________Stephen: Last summer I went through a training program and became a literacy (文化知识) volunteer. When I began to discover what other people’s lives were like because they could not read, I realized the true importance of reading.

62.________ Ben: After graduation, I don’t want to apply for a job at once. Instead, I plan to spend one year to help those who need help most and try my best to improve their lives. You know, education is essential to poverty relief and at the same time I’ll get valuable experience for my future career.

63.________ Susan: I’m a girl from England and has studied French for years. I’m here in Beijing University studying Chinese. I like China as it is full of mysteries. So I hope the voluntary work will help me to get in touch with Chinese people and get to know about China. Although my study is busy, I can be free at night and at the weekends.

64.________Tim: Since I myself have overcome a lot of difficulties in my life, I understand young people’s problems and I know how to listen patiently to others and offer some advice. I’m working now in the daytime so I can only spend two to three hours a day at night to help others.

65.________Lisa: I burst into tears when I saw those children in a TV programme. What a sight. They are only bone and skin left. What’s worse, every day the children are dying because of lack of food. I realized how lucky I am with enough food and a good chance to get education. The summer vacation is coming and I hope I can do something for them.

A.As we know, the 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing and many people from other countries will come to visit China. The taxi drivers in Dongfeng Taxi Company think the way to show kindness is to be able to greet the foreigners in their languages. They need someone who can teach them languages and the best time is at night when they are not so busy.

B.Tim is so addicted to on-line games that he cannot concentrate on his study like before. Now he often misses school in order to play games, and tells lies to his teachers and parents again and again. Though he realizes what he does is wrong, he just can’t stop it. How badly be needs someone’s help.

C.Marie, a 44-year-old single mother of three, has to walk two miles to the nearest supermarket twice a week because she doesn’t know which bus to take. What’s worse, since she does not know words, she can not write out a shopping list. Also, she can only recognize items by sight, so if the product has a different label, she will not recognize it as the product she wants.

D.“Helping hand” organization will hold an event to help the starving children in Africa. The event starts in August and those taking part in will go without food for 30 hours. In this way, it is expected that money will be raised for the poor children.

E.“Green Earth” cares a lot for the animals in danger. Still many people in the world don’t know much about the importance of animal protecting. This summer vacation a lot of events will be organized to call on people to live in harmony with our earth. 

F.A group of young children in a remote village in southwest China are in great need of teachers. Because of the low salary, many teachers came and then went. The villagers hope to have a teacher who can stay for at least a year, because they know knowledge can make a difference to the children’s future.

单项选择题