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Due to climate change, Arctic ice is breaking up earlier in the spring, and its area is decreasing. This is creating problems for polar bears that make their homes off northern Alaska and in Hudson Bay.

Polar bears off Alaska normally hunt and raise their young on ice sheets that float on the ocean. But as the ice has melted, the polar bears have been forced to spend more time on land. There, they have begun to frequent beaches, feeding on the remains of whales caught by native hunters. For polar bears, this food is less nutritious than seals that they normally catch on ice sheets. The shrinking（减少） ice has also forced more polar bears into the ocean. In the past, they only had to swim short distances between ice sheets. But as the ice has shrunk, polar bears have been forced to swim longer and longer distances in the open ocean. This poses a severe danger during rough weather, and an increasing number of drowned polar bears have been observed.

In Hudson Bay, the ice breaks up three weeks earlier in the spring now than it did 20 years ago. Polar bears on Hudson Bay fast（绝食） during the summer, waiting for ice to form in the fall to hunt. Every year, the summer gets longer, and the bears get skinnier. Over the past 25 years, the average weight of the female bears has dropped 68 kg. This loss affects their ability to reproduce, and already the number of births has dropped 15 percent. Unless the bears can learn to survive these climate changes, these giants of the ice may one day disappear.

小题1:What is Arctic ice doing earlier each year?

A．It’s freezing.

B．It’s hardening.

C．It’s melting.

D．It’s expanding.小题2:What is true of polar bears that are spending more time on land in Alaska?

A．Their young are dying.

B．Their diet is changing.

C．Their health is improving.

D．Their families are growing.小题3:What do polar bears in Hudson Bay do during the summer?

A．They claim territory(地域).

B．They protect mates.

C．They hunt animals.

D．They stop feeding小题4:In which publication would you most likely find this passage?

A．Medical News

B．Society Today

C．Wildlife Journal

D．Design Magazine

答案

小题1:C

小题2:B

小题3:D

小题4:C

文章介绍了冰融化以后，北极熊得生活受到了很大的影响。

小题1:细节题。根据文章第一段可知冰在不停地融化。

小题2:推理题。根据文章第2段3,4行There, they have begun to frequent beaches, feeding on the remains of whales caught by native hunters.可知B正确。

小题3:细节题。根据第3段2,3行Polar bears on Hudson Bay fast（绝食） during the summer, waiting for ice to form in the fall to hunt.

小题4:推理题。根据文章内容可知是关于野生动物的情况介绍。

单项选择题

出租汽车电召服务无法直接实现下列哪项功能（）

A.减少乘客候车时间

B.减少出租汽车空载时间

C.降低出租汽车空驶率

D.减少乘客打车费用
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单项选择题

A conventional teacher’s licensee usually requires a university degree in education plus an unpaid term of practice teaching. This has never made much sense. It excludes bright students who take degrees in other subjects, and might teach those subjects; it is costly and time-consuming for career-switchers, who must wait a year or more before they can enter a classroom; it is so rigid that private-school teachers or university professors with years of experience have to jump through hoops before they can start teaching in a state school. And there is virtually no evidence that it creates better teachers. For all that, it is ply backed by schools of education, which have a monopoly of teacher-training, and by teachers’ unions, whose members make more money when it is artificially hard for others to get into the profession.

Now, some 45 states and the Districts of Columbia offer an "alternative route" to a teacher’s licensee, up from only a handful in the 1980s. Alternative certification (AC) generally allows individuals with a university degree to begin teaching immediately after passing an entrance examination. These recruits, watched over by a mentor teach the subject they studied at university, and take education courses at a sponsoring university while drawing their salaries.

The traditional sort of American teacher is likely to be young, white and female. Alternative certification attracts more men and more non-whites. In Texas, for instance, roughly 90% of public-school teachers are white, but 40% of those who have joined through alternative certification are non-whites. The AC route also draws teachers willing to go where they are most needed. A survey of Troops to Teachers, a program that turns exsoldiers into public-school teachers (" Proud to serve again"), found that 39% of those taking part are willing to teach in inner-city schools, and 68% in rural areas.

Are they good teachers Officialdom is reluctant to release the details which might answer that question for certain. But anecdotal evidence suggests they do well. In New Jersey, which has been running this sort of program since 1984, rich districts, which can afford to be choosy, consistently hire more AC teachers than poor districts do. In Houston, Texas, where the Teach of America program (TFA) puts recent university graduates into poor communities as teachers, the most effective teachers are generally the TFA ones. " School principals are our biggest fans," Wendy Kopp, TFA’s president, says proudly.

So why not scrap the cumbersome teacher-licensing laws Frederick Hess, a professor at the University of Virginia, has written a paper for the Progressive Policy Institute arguing that teacher-licensing ought to be stripped to the bare essentials. Prospective teachers should be required only to hold a college degree, pass a test of essential skills, and be checked to make sure they do not have a criminal background. Other training is important, argues Mr. Hess, but the market, not state legislators, should decide what that training looks like. This notion of "competitive certification" has drawn favorable attention from the Bush administration.

What does the author suggest when he calls for "competitive certification" ( Line 7—8, Para.5 )（）

A. Simplify teacher-licencing

B. Operate education like a market

C. Scrap unified education standard

D. Make entry easy for prospective teachers
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