问题 单项选择题

(三)阅读下面短文,回答问题

偏见可以说是思想的放假。它是没有思想的人的家常日用,而是有思想的人的星期日娱乐。假如我们不能怀挟偏见,随时随地必须得客观公平、正经严肃,那就像造屋只有客厅没有卧立,又好比在浴室里照镜子还得做出摄影机头前的姿态。魔鬼在但丁《地狱篇》第二十七句中自称."敝魔生平最好讲理。"可见地狱之设,正为此草;人生在世,言动专求合理,大可不必。当然,所谓正道公理压根儿也是偏见。依照生理学常识,人心位直,并不正中,有点偏侧,并且时髦得很,偏倾于左。古人称偏僻之道为"左道,颇有科学根据。不过,话虽如此说,有许多意见还不失禅宗所谓"偏中正",例如学术理论之类。只有人生边上的随笔、热恋片的町等等,那才是老老实实、痛痛快快的一偏之见。世界太广漠了,我们圆睁两眼,平视正视,视野还是偏狭得可怜。狗注视着肉骨头时,何尝顾到旁边还有码呢三于通常所谓偏见,只好比打靶的瞄准,川眼来看。但是,也有人’以为这倒是瞄中事物且心的看法。譬如说,柏拉图为人类下定义云:"人者,元羽毛之两足动物也。"可谓客观极了!但是按照来时铁斯《哲人言行录》六卷二章所载,偏有人拿着一只拔了毛的鸡向柏拉图去质问。偏激二字,本来相连;我们别有所激,见解当然会另有所偏。假使我们说"人类是不拘日夜,不问寒暑,发出声音的动物。"那又何妨禽喘于春,萤啼于秋,坟作雷于夏,夜则虫醒而鸟睡,风雨并不夭夭有,元来人犬不吠,不下蛋鸡不报。惟有人用语言,用动作,用机械,随时随地做,出声音。就是独处一室,与酬答的时候,他可以开留声机,听无线电,甚至睡眠时还发出似雷的鼻息。语言当然不就是声音;但是在不中听,不愿听,或着隔着墙壁和距离听不真的语言里,文字都丧失了圭角和轮廓,变成一固忽涨忽缩的喧闹,跟鸡鸣文吠同样缺乏意义,这就是所谓人籁!断送了睡眠,震断了思想,培养了神经衰弱。

这个世界毕竟是人类主宰管领的。人的声音胜过一切。聚合了大自然的万千喉舌,抵不上两个人同时说话的喧哗,至少从第三者的耳朵听来。人箱是寂静的致命伤,天籁是能和寂静溶为一片的。每日东方乍白,我们梦已回而困永醒,会听到无数禽声,向早晨打招呼。那时夜未全消,寂静还逗留着,来庇荫未找清的睡梦。数不清的麻斗室的呜噪,琐碎得像要啄破了这个寂静:乌鸪的声音清利像把剪刀,老藕鸟的声音滞涩而有刺像把锯子,都一声两声地向寂静来试锋口。但是寂静似乎太厚实了,又似乎太流动了,太宫于弹性了,给禽鸟啼破的浮面,立刻就填满。雄鸡引吭悠扬的报晓,也并未在寂静上划下一道卢迹。慢慢地,我们忘了鸟喘是在破坏寂静:似乎寂静已将鸟语吸收消化,变成一种有声音的寂静。此时只要有邻家小儿的啼哭,楼上睡人的咳嗽,或墙外早行者的脚步声,寂静就像宿雾见了朝阳,破裂分散得干净。人籁己起,人事复始,你休想更有安顿。在史l到身倦,或苦思冥想时,忽闻人籁嘈杂,最博爱的人道主义者也许有时杀心顿起,恨不能天口以博耳根清净。禽兽风涛等一切天赣能和寂静相安相得,善于体物的古诗人早已悟到。《诗经:"萧萧马鸣,悠悠祷施",下文就说明"有闻元声";可见马嘶而元人喊,不会产生喧闹。颜氏家句II也指出王籍名句"埠嗓林愈静,鸟鸣山史幽",就是"有闻无声"的感觉;虫鸟鸣噪,反添静境。雪莱诗里,描写啄木鸟,也说鸟’系山史幽。柯律立治《风瑟》诗云."海声远且幽,似告我以静。"假使这个海是人海,诗人非耳聋头痛不可。所以我们常把"鸦呜崔嗓"来比人声喧哗,还是对人类存三分回护的曲笔。常将一群妇女的说笑声比于"莺啼燕语",那简直是对于禽类的侮辱了。

闹与热,静与冷,都有连带关系;所以在_______的地狱里,太阳也给人以_______之感。人声_______,冷屋会变成热锅,使人通身_______。叔本华《哲学小品》第二百七十八节中说,思想家应当耳聋,大有道理。因为耳朵不聋,必闻声音,声音热闹,头脑就很难保持冷静,思想不会公平,只能把偏见来代替。那时候,你忘掉了你自己也是会闸的动物,也曾嚷嚷以致隔壁的人不能思想和睡眠,你更顾不得旁人在说你偏见太深,你又添了一种偏见,又在人生边上注了一笔。

(节选自钱钟书《一个偏见,见《写在人生边上)),三联书店2002)

下面符合第一段文意的观点是()。

A.偏见是思想的副产品

B.没有思想的人没有偏见

C.学术理论难免带有偏见

D.有思想的人不能怀挟偏见

答案

参考答案:A

阅读理解

阅读理解。

     Monty Roberts was the son of a poor family. He liked horses. He had a dream to own a horse ranch

ever since, he was a little child.

      One day when he was at high school, he was asked to write a paper. It was about what he wanted to

be and do when he grew up. He worked hard on it, and wrote a seven-page paper. In the paper he

described his dream of owning a big horse ranch someday.

    The next day he handed it in to his teacher. Two days later he received his paper back. On the front

page was a large red F(fail) with a note that read, "See me after class."

      He went to see the teacher after class and asked, "Why did I receive an F?"

     The teacher answered, "this is an unrealistic dream for a young boy like you. You come from a poor

family. You have no money. Owning a horse ranch needs a lot of money. You have to buy the land.

There's no way you could ever do it." Then he added, "Write this paper again. If you write it with a

realistic plan, you may receive a better grade. "

     After sitting with it for a week, he turned in the same paper, making no changes at all. He said to the

teacher, "You can keep the F and I'll keep my dream. "

     Monty kept his dream and worked very hard. Today he owns a large horse ranch with a big house

on it, and he keeps that school paper he wrote on the wall of his sitting room.

     Last summer the same school teacher came to visit him. When the teacher was leaving, he said,

"Look, Monty, when I was your teacher, I was something of a dream stealer. During those years I

stole a lot of children's dreams. It was lucky that you hadn't given up yours. "

     Don't let anyone steal your dream. Follow your dream, no matter what.

l. What was Monty Roberts' dream when he was very young? 

A. To write a seven-page paper.

B. To learn to ride a horse.

C. To own a horse ranch.

D. To receive a better grade.

2. The underlined sentence "There's no way you could ever do it." means" _____ ".

A. Your dream can never come true

B. You should find a way to let your dream come true

C. You have to work hard or you'll lose your dream

D. I'll show you a way to help your dream come true

3. After Monty heard his teacher's advice, he _____.

A. changed his dream

B. received a better grade

C. turned in a different paper

D. turned in the same paper

4. Why does Monty Roberts keep that school paper on the wall of his sitting room? 

A. To show he was a good student.

B. To tell himself never to give up a dream.

C. To make his sitting room more beautiful.

D. To show people he is a successful person.

读图填空题