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问题 填空题

在系统结构方面，决策支持系统一般是由对话子系统、数据库子系统和______子系统三部分组成的。

答案

参考答案：模型

解析： 一般认为DSS必不可少的几个组成部分是数据库管理系统(DBMS) 、模型库管理系统(MBMS) 和对话生成管理系统(DGMS) 。有的DSS中还包括方法库系统和知识库系统。在DSS中，对话子系统为决策者提供使用系统的接口。数据子系统提供支持决策的数据和信息，而模型子系统为决策者提供利用资料进行推理、比较、分析和选择的手段。在决策活动的三个阶段中，数据系统支持信息收集活动，模型系统支持后两个阶段的工作，即设计和选择阶段的工作，它们包括规划、推论、分析，产生可供比较的方案，进行方案的比较、优化和模拟实验等。

单项选择题

对于大型复杂的产品，应用价值工程的重点是在产品的( )阶段。

A．可行性研究

B．研究设计

C．实施生产

D．质量保证
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单项选择题

In the United States, older people rarely live with their adult children. But in many other cultures children are expected to care (1) their aged parents. In some parts of Italy, the percentage of adult children who (2) with their parents (3) 65 to 70 percent. In Thailand, too, children are expected to take care of their elderly parents; few Thai elderly live (4) . What explains these differences in living arrangements (5) cultures Modernization theory (6) the extended family household to low levels of economic development. In traditional societies, the elderly live with their children in large extended family units for economic reasons. But with modernization, children move to urban areas, leaving old people (7) in (8) rural areas. Yet modernization theory cannot explain why extended family households were never common in the United States or England, or why families in Italy, which is fully modernized, (9) a p tradition of intergenerational living. Clearly, economic development alone cannot explain (10) living arrangements. Another theory associated intergenerational living arrangements with inheritance patterns. In some cultures, the stem family pattern of inheritance (11) . (12) this system, parents live with a married child, usually the oldest son, who then (13) their property when they die. The stem family system was once common in Japan, but changes in inheritance laws, (14) broader social changes brought (15) by industrialization and urbanization, have (16) the (17) .In 1960 about 80 percent of Japanese over 65 lived with their children; by 1990 only 60 percent did-a figure that is still high (18) U.S. standards, but which has been (19) steadily. In Korea, too, traditional living arrangements are (20) : the percentage of aged Koreans who live with a son declined from 77 percent in 1984 to 50 percent just 10 years later. Although most elderly Koreans still expect to live with a son, their adult children do not expect to live with their children when they grow old.

12（）

A.at

B.under

C.by

D.over
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