问题 默写题

补写出下列名篇名句中的空缺部分。

(1)虽无丝竹管弦之盛,一觞一咏,___________。 (《兰亭集序》)

(2)闻道有先后,_______________。 (《师说》)

(3)后人哀之而不鉴之,______________________________。(《阿房宫赋》)

(4)悟已往之不谏,_______________。 (《归去来兮辞》)

(5)50年代,有一大批青年作者积极主动地学习孙犁的风格,效仿孙犁的路子写小说,即通过描写儿女情、家务事反映时代的变化,形成了一个很有实力的作家群体。后来,人们把这个作家群体称之为“_________派”。

(6)《读<伊索寓言>》选自我国著名学者、作家____________的散文集《写在人生边上》,他的代表作还有诗论《谈艺录》,学术论著《管锥编》等。

答案

(1)亦足以畅叙幽情

(2)术业有专攻

(3)亦使后人而复哀后人也

(4)知来者之可追

(5)“荷花淀”或“白洋淀”

(6)钱钟书

阅读理解与欣赏

阅读下面的文言文,完成下面问题。

卖酒者传

魏禧

  万安县有卖酒者,以善酿致富。平生不欺人,或遣童婢沽,必问:“汝能饮酒否?”或倾跌破瓶缶,辄家取瓶,更注酒,使持以归。由是远近称长者。

  里中有数聚饮平事不得决者,相对咨嗟。卖酒者问曰:“诸君何为数聚饮相咨嗟也?”聚饮者曰:“吾侪保甲贷乙金,甲逾期不肯偿,将讼。讼则破家,事连吾侪,数姓人不得休矣!”卖酒者曰:“几何数?”曰 :“子母四百金。”卖酒者曰:“何忧为?”立出四百金偿之,不责券

  客有橐重资于途,甚雪,不能行。闻卖酒者长者,趋寄宿。雪连日,卖酒者日呼客同博,以赢钱买酒肉相饮啖。客多负,私怏怏曰:“卖酒者乃不长者耶?然吾已负,且大饮啖,酬吾金也。”雪霁,客偿博所负,行。卖酒者笑曰:“主人乃取客钱买酒肉耶?天寒甚,不名博,客将不肯大饮啖。”尽取所偿负还之。

  术者谈五行,决卖酒者宜死。将及期,置酒,召所买田宅主毕至,曰:“吾往买若田宅,若中心愿之乎?价毋亏乎?”欲赎者视券,价不足者,追偿以金。又召诸子贷者曰:“汝贷金若干,子母若干矣。”能偿者捐其息,贫者立券还之,曰:“毋使我子孙患苦汝也!”及期,卖酒者大会戚友,沐棺更衣待死。卖酒者颜色阳阳如平时,戚友相候视,至夜分,乃散去。其后,卖酒者活更七年。

  魏子曰:吾闻卖酒者好博,无事则与其三子终日博,喧争无家人礼。或问之,曰:“儿辈嬉,否则博他人家,败吾产矣。”嗟乎!卖酒者匪唯长者,抑亦智士哉!(选自《魏叔子文集》,有删改)

  【注】①平事:评议事情。②子母:利息和本金。③责券:求取借据。④谈五行:以五行之术测算命运。

1.对下列句子中加粗词语的解释,不正确的一项是 (  )

A.诸君何为聚饮相咨嗟也——数:多次,屡次

B.事连吾侪——吾侪:我辈

C.能偿者其息——捐:舍弃

D.贫者券还之——立:订立

2.下列各组句子中,全都表现卖酒者乐善好施的一组是 (  )

①辄家取瓶,更注酒,使持以归     

②吾侪保甲贷乙金

③立出四百金偿之,不责券         

④且大饮啖,酬吾金也

⑤尽取所偿负还之       

⑥置酒,召所买田宅主毕至

A.①③④      

B.②⑤⑥      

C.①③⑤  

D.②④⑥

3.下列对原文有关内容的分析和概括,不正确的一项是 (  )

A.卖酒者凭借精湛的酿酒技术而致富,做生意时诚信厚道、热心助人,他的良好品格赢得了人们的广泛尊敬。

B.在酒店聚饮的乡里数姓人家,为甲、乙二人的借贷官司所牵连,卖酒者急人所急,为乡亲仗义疏财,慷慨解囊。

C.在术者断决的死期将至之时,卖酒者神情自若地处理自己的后事,他尽量让利于债务人,使他们将来免受债务困扰,表现了良好的德行风范和心理素质。

D.本文构思新颖,不落俗套,作者没有着力叙述卖酒者如何经营谋生,发家致富,而是突出写他为人排忧解难,以表现他慷慨助人,乐善好施的长者风范。

4.把文言文阅读材料中画线的句子翻译成现代汉语。

(1)天寒甚,不名博,客将不肯大饮啖。

_____________________________________________

(2)卖酒者大会戚友,沐棺更衣待死。

_____________________________________________

(3)卖酒者匪唯长者,抑亦智士哉!

_____________________________________________

问答题

Although Henry Ford’s name is closely associated with the concept of mass production,he should receive equal credit for introducing labor practices as early as 1913 that would be considered advanced even by today’s standards. Safety measures were improved, and the workday was reduced to eight hours, compared with the ten-or-twelve-hour day common at the time. In order to accommodate the shorter work day, the entire factory was converted from two to three shifts.
In addition, sick leaves as well as improved medical care for those injured on the job were instituted. (47)The Ford Motor Company was one of the first factories to develop a technical school to train specialized skilled laborers and an English language school for immigrants. Some efforts were even made to hire the handicapped and provide jobs for former convicts.
(48)The most widely acclaimed innovation was the five-dollar-a-day minimum wage that was offered in order to recruit and retain the best mechanics and to discourage the growth of labor unions. Ford explained the new wage policy in terms of efficiency and profit sharing. He also mentioned the fact that his employees would be able to purchase the automobiles that they produced—in effect creating a market for the product. (49)In order to qualify for the minimum wage, an employee had to establish a decent home and demonstrate good personal habits,including sobriety,thriftiness,industriousness,and dependability. (50)Although some criticism was directed at Ford for involving himself too much in the personal lives of his employees,there can be no doubt that,at a time when immigrants were being taken advantage of in frightful ways,henry Ford was helping many people to establish themselves in America.