问题 问答题

简述货币政策的效果与LM、IS曲线斜率的关系。

答案

参考答案:

解析:货币政策的效果是指变动货币供给量的政策对总需求的影响,假定增加货币供给能使国民收入有较大的增加,则货币政策效果就大;反之,效果就小。货币政策的效果取决于IS和LM曲线的斜率。
(1)在IS曲线斜率不变时,LM曲线斜率越小即越平坦,货币政策对国民收入变动的影响就越小;反之就越大。如图1所示:


IS0与IS1的斜率相同,货币供给增加使LM从LM0右移到LM1,LM曲线较平坦时,收入增加甚少,而LM曲线较陡峭时,收入增加较多。这是因为,LM较平坦,表示货币需求受利率的影响较大,即利率稍有变动就会使货币需求变动很多,因而货币供给量变动对利率变动的作用较小,从而增加货币供给量的货币这个政策就不会对投资和国民收入有较大影响。反之,若LM曲线较陡峭,表示货币需求受利率的影响较小,即货币供给量稍有增加就会使利率下降较多,因而对投资和国民收入有较多增加,因而货币政策的效果较强。
(2)LM曲线斜率不变时,IS曲线斜率越小越平坦,货币政策对国民收入变动的影响就越大;反之,IS曲线斜率越大越陡峭,货币政策对国民收入变动的影响就越小。如下图:


图中有两条IS曲线,IS0较陡峭,IS1较平坦,当货币供给增加使LM从LM0右移到LM1时IS较陡峭,国民收入增加较少,即货币政策效果较小,而IS较平缓时,国民收入增加较多,即货币政策效果较大。这是因为,IS较陡峭,表示投资的利率系数较小(当然,支出乘数较小时也会使IS较陡峭,但IS斜率主要决定于投资的利率系数),即投资对利率变动的敏感性程度较差,因此,LM曲线由于货币供给增加而右移使利率下降时,投资不会增加很多,从而国民收入也不会有较大增加;反之,较平坦时,表示投资利率系数较大,因此,货币供给增加使利率下降时,投资和收入会增加较多。

单项选择题
单项选择题

Culture is activity of thought, and receptiveness to beauty and human feeling. (1) of information have nothing to do with it. A merely well-informed man is the most useless (2) on God’s earth. What we should (3) at producing is men who (4) both culture and expert knowledge in some special direction. Their expert knowledge will give them the ground to start (5) , and their culture will lead them as (6) as philosophy and as high as (7) We have to remember that the valuable (8) development is self-development, and that it (9) takes place between the ages of sixteen and thirty. As to training, the most important part is given by mothers before the age of twelve.

In training a child to activity of thought, above all things we must (10) of what I will call "inert ideas"—— that is to say, ideas that are merely (11) into the mind without being (12) , or tested, or thrown into fresh combinations.

In the history of education, the most (13) phenomenon is that schools of learning, which at one epoch are alive with a craze for genius, in a (14) generation exhibit merely pedantry and routine. The reason is that they are overlade with inert ideas. Except at (15) intervals of intellectual motivation, education in the past has been radically (16) with inert ideas. That is the reason why (17) clever women, who have seen much of the world, are in middle life so much the most cultured part of the community. They have been saved from this horrible (18) of inert ideas. Every intellectual revolution which has ever stirred humanity (19) greatness has been a (20) protest against inert ideas.

19()

A.off

B.on

C.into

D.with